साधु

See also: साधू, सुधा, सुध, सीधा, संधि, and सीधे

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit साधु (sādhú).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /sɑː.d̪ʱuː/, [säː.d̪ʱuː]

Noun

साधु • (sādhu) m

(Hinduism) a sadhu; monk

Declension

Declension of साधु (masc u-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	साधु sādhu	साधु sādhu
oblique	साधु sādhu	साधुओं sādhuõ
vocative	साधु sādhu	साधुओ sādhuo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “साधु”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Pali

Alternative forms

sādhu (Latin script)
𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (Brahmi script)
সাধু (Bengali script)
සාධු (Sinhalese script)
သာဓု or သႃꩪု (Burmese script)
สาธุ (Thai script)
ᩈᩣᨵᩩ (Tai Tham script)
ສາຘຸ (Lao script)
សាធុ (Khmer script)
𑄥𑄂𑄙𑄪 (Chakma script)

Adjective

साधु

Devanagari script form of sādhu

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

সাধু (Assamese script)
ᬲᬵᬥᬸ (Balinese script)
সাধু (Bengali script)
𑰭𑰯𑰠𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (Brahmi script)
သာဓု (Burmese script)
સાધુ (Gujarati script)
ਸਾਧੁ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌸𑌾𑌧𑍁 (Grantha script)
ꦱꦴꦣꦸ (Javanese script)
𑂮𑂰𑂡𑂳 (Kaithi script)
ಸಾಧು (Kannada script)
សាធុ (Khmer script)
ສາຘຸ (Lao script)
സാധു (Malayalam script)
ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢡᡠ (Manchu script)
𑘭𑘰𑘠𑘳 (Modi script)
ᠰᠠᢗᢑᠾᠤ (Mongolian script)
𑧍𑧑𑧀𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
𑐳𑐵𑐢𑐸 (Newa script)
ସାଧୁ (Odia script)
ꢱꢵꢤꢸ (Saurashtra script)
𑆱𑆳𑆣𑆶 (Sharada script)
𑖭𑖯𑖠𑖲 (Siddham script)
සාධු (Sinhalese script)
𑪁𑩛𑩮𑩒 (Soyombo script)
𑚨𑚭𑚜𑚰 (Takri script)
ஸாது⁴ (Tamil script)
సాధు (Telugu script)
สาธุ (Thai script)
སཱ་དྷུ (Tibetan script)
𑒮𑒰𑒡𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
𑨰𑨊𑨜𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáHdʰuš.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑː.dʱú/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈs̪ɑː.d̪ʱu/

Adjective

साधु • (sādhú) stem

straight, right
leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring (as an arrow or thunderbolt)
straightened, not entangled (as threads)
well-disposed, kind, willing, obedient
successful, effective, efficient (as a hymn or prayer)
ready, prepared (as soma)
peaceful, secure
powerful, excellent, good for (locative) or towards (locative, genitive, dative, accusative, with प्रति (prati), अनु (anu), अभि (abhi), परि (pari), or compound)
fit, proper, right
good, virtuous, honourable, righteous
well-born, noble, of honourable or respectable descent
correct, pure
classical (as language)

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साधुः sādhúḥ	साधू sādhū́	साधवः sādhávaḥ
Vocative	साधो sā́dho	साधू sā́dhū	साधवः sā́dhavaḥ
Accusative	साधुम् sādhúm	साधू sādhū́	साधून् sādhū́n
Instrumental	साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ
Dative	साधवे / साध्वे¹ sādháve / sādhvé¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Ablative	साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Genitive	साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹	साध्वोः sādhvóḥ	साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m
Locative	साधौ sādhaú	साध्वोः sādhvóḥ	साधुषु sādhúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ī-stem declension of साध्वी (sādhvī́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साध्वी sādhvī́	साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sādhvyaù / sādhvī́¹	साध्व्यः / साध्वीः¹ sādhvyàḥ / sādhvī́ḥ¹
Vocative	साध्वि sā́dhvi	साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sā́dhvyau / sā́dhvī¹	साध्व्यः / साध्वीः¹ sā́dhvyaḥ / sā́dhvīḥ¹
Accusative	साध्वीम् sādhvī́m	साध्व्यौ / साध्वी¹ sādhvyaù / sādhvī́¹	साध्वीः sādhvī́ḥ
Instrumental	साध्व्या sādhvyā́	साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām	साध्वीभिः sādhvī́bhiḥ
Dative	साध्व्यै sādhvyaí	साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām	साध्वीभ्यः sādhvī́bhyaḥ
Ablative	साध्व्याः / साध्व्यै² sādhvyā́ḥ / sādhvyaí²	साध्वीभ्याम् sādhvī́bhyām	साध्वीभ्यः sādhvī́bhyaḥ
Genitive	साध्व्याः / साध्व्यै² sādhvyā́ḥ / sādhvyaí²	साध्व्योः sādhvyóḥ	साध्वीनाम् sādhvī́nām
Locative	साध्व्याम् sādhvyā́m	साध्व्योः sādhvyóḥ	साध्वीषु sādhvī́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साधु sādhú	साधुनी sādhúnī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹
Vocative	साधु / साधो sā́dhu / sā́dho	साधुनी sā́dhunī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sā́dhūni / sā́dhu¹ / sā́dhū¹
Accusative	साधु sādhú	साधुनी sādhúnī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹
Instrumental	साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ
Dative	साधुने / साधवे¹ / साध्वे¹ sādhúne / sādháve¹ / sādhvé¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Ablative	साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Genitive	साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ	साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m
Locative	साधुनि / साधौ¹ sādhúni / sādhaú¹	साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ	साधुषु sādhúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adverb

साधु • (sādhú)

straight, aright, regularly
well, rightly, skilfully, properly, agreeably
sādhú √vṛt (+ locative) — to behave well towards

sādhú √kṛ — to set eight

sādhú √ās — to be well or at ease
well, greatly, in a high degree
assuredly, indeed

Interjection

साधु • (sādhú)

good! well done! bravo!
well, enough of, away with (+instrumental)!
well come on! (+imperative or 1. pr.)

Noun

साधु • (sādhú) stem, m

a good or virtuous or honest man
a holy man, saint, sage, seer; a sadhu
(Jainism) a जिन (jina) or deified saint
a jeweller
a merchant, money-lender, usurer
(grammar) a derivative or inflected noun
a saintly woman
a kind of root (= मेदा (medā))

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साधुः sādhúḥ	साधू sādhū́	साधवः sādhávaḥ
Vocative	साधो sā́dho	साधू sā́dhū	साधवः sā́dhavaḥ
Accusative	साधुम् sādhúm	साधू sādhū́	साधून् sādhū́n
Instrumental	साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ
Dative	साधवे / साध्वे¹ sādháve / sādhvé¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Ablative	साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Genitive	साधोः / साध्वः¹ sādhóḥ / sādhváḥ¹	साध्वोः sādhvóḥ	साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m
Locative	साधौ sādhaú	साध्वोः sādhvóḥ	साधुषु sādhúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

साधु • (sādhú) stem, n

the good or right or honest, a good etc. thing or act
साध्व् अस्ति (sādhv asti) (+dative) — it is well with

sādhu-√man (+ accusative) — to consider a thing good, approve
gentleness, kindness, benevolence

Declension

Neuter u-stem declension of साधु (sādhú)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	साधु sādhú	साधुनी sādhúnī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹
Vocative	साधु / साधो sā́dhu / sā́dho	साधुनी sā́dhunī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sā́dhūni / sā́dhu¹ / sā́dhū¹
Accusative	साधु sādhú	साधुनी sādhúnī	साधूनि / साधु¹ / साधू¹ sādhū́ni / sādhú¹ / sādhū́¹
Instrumental	साधुना / साध्वा¹ sādhúnā / sādhvā́¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभिः sādhúbhiḥ
Dative	साधुने / साधवे¹ / साध्वे¹ sādhúne / sādháve¹ / sādhvé¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Ablative	साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुभ्याम् sādhúbhyām	साधुभ्यः sādhúbhyaḥ
Genitive	साधुनः / साधोः¹ / साध्वः¹ sādhúnaḥ / sādhóḥ¹ / sādhváḥ¹	साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ	साधूनाम् sādhūnā́m
Locative	साधुनि / साधौ¹ sādhúni / sādhaú¹	साधुनोः sādhúnoḥ	साधुषु sādhúṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀥𑀼 (sādhu)
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀰𑀸𑀳𑀼 (śāhu)
  - Assamese: সাউ (xau)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu)
  - Hindustani: sāh, sāhū
    Hindi: साह, साहू
    Urdu: صاح (sāh), ساہُو (sāhū)
  - Marathi: साव (sāv)
  - Nepali: साहू (sāhū)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਊ (sāū)
    Shahmukhi script: ساؤُ (sāū)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: سَائُو
    Devanagari script: साऊ
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu)
  - Hindustani: sāh, sāhū
    Hindi: साह, साहू
    Urdu: صاح (sāh), ساہُو (sāhū)
  - Marathi: साव (sāv)
  - Nepali: साहू (sāhū)
  - Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਸਾਊ (sāū)
    Shahmukhi script: ساؤُ (sāū)
  - Sindhi:
    Arabic script: سَائُو
    Devanagari script: साऊ
Pali: sādhu
- → Burmese: သာဓု (sadhu.)
- → Shan: သႃႇထူႉ (sàa thṵ̂u)
- → Thai: สาธุ (sǎa-tú)
- → Chinese: 善哉 (shànzāi) (calque)
→ English: sadhu
→ Gujarati: સાધુ (sādhu)
→ Hindi: साधु (sādhu)
→ Kannada: ಸಾಧು (sādhu)
→ Marathi: साधू (sādhū)
→ Malay: sadu
- Indonesian: sadu (“best”)
→ Old Javanese: sādhu (“good, virtuous; sadhu”)
- Javanese: ꦱꦢꦸ (sadu)
- → Balinese: ᬲᬵᬥᬸ (sadu)
- → Indonesian: sadu (“sadhu”) (semantic loan)
→ Tamil: சாது (cātu)

References

“साधु॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 612, column 2.
Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “साधु”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 346
Monier Williams (1899) “Sādhú”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1201, column 2.

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