ثم

See also: بم, تم, نم, and يم

Arabic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θum.ma/
Audio (file)

Conjunction

ثُمَّ • (ṯumma)

then, afterward, subsequently; used to indicate order of time, being later occurring, or even in lesser degree of impressiveness
and again; used when repeating a word or short phrase in order to emphasize it
and so or also, likewise, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, additionally so; used to denote a speaker's order of enunciation, not indicating a sequence or delay of occurrence between two statements
- أَعْجَبَنِي مَا صَنَعْتَ اليَوْمَ ثُمَّ مَا صَنَعْتَ أَمْسِ أَعْجَبُ
  ʔaʕjabanī mā ṣanaʕta l-yawma ṯumma mā ṣanaʕta ʔamsi ʔaʕjabu
  What you did today caused me to be impressed; accordingly what you did yesterday was most impressive.

Usage notes

ثُمَّ (ṯumma) indicates that there is a certain period of time between the two actions, whereas فَ (fa) indicates that the second action follows directly after the first action.

Descendants

→ Ottoman Turkish: ثم (sümme)

Etymology 2

Compare Hebrew שָׁם (šām), שָׁמָּה (šā́mmā), Aramaic תַּמָּה (tammā), תַּמָּן (tammān), Ugaritic 𐎘𐎎 (ṯm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /θam.ma/

Adverb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma)

there

Descendants

Maltese: hemm
Moroccan Arabic: تم (temma), تم (temm)

Etymology 3

Root
ث م م (ṯ-m-m)

Verb

ثَمَّ • (ṯamma) I, non-past يَثُمُّ‎ (yaṯummu)

to put into a good state, to mend, to get together in an orderly fashion, to repair
to apply ثُمَام (ṯumām, “panicgrass”) to

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ثَمَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal noun ثَمّ)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					ثَمّ ṯamm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					ثَامّ ṯāmm
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَثْمُوم maṯmūm
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ثَمَمْتُ ṯamamtu	ثَمَمْتَ ṯamamta	ثَمَّ ṯamma	ثَمَمْتُمَا ṯamamtumā	ثَمَّا ṯammā	ثَمَمْنَا ṯamamnā	ثَمَمْتُمْ ṯamamtum	ثَمُّوا ṯammū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	ثَمَمْتُ ṯamamtu	ثَمَمْتِ ṯamamti	ثَمَّتْ ṯammat	ثَمَمْتُمَا ṯamamtumā	ثَمَّتَا ṯammatā	ثَمَمْنَا ṯamamnā	ثَمَمْتُنَّ ṯamamtunna	ثَمَمْنَ ṯamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَثُمُّ ʔaṯummu	تَثُمُّ taṯummu	يَثُمُّ yaṯummu	تَثُمَّانِ taṯummāni	يَثُمَّانِ yaṯummāni	نَثُمُّ naṯummu	تَثُمُّونَ taṯummūna	يَثُمُّونَ yaṯummūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَثُمُّ ʔaṯummu	تَثُمِّينَ taṯummīna	تَثُمُّ taṯummu	تَثُمَّانِ taṯummāni	تَثُمَّانِ taṯummāni	نَثُمُّ naṯummu	تَثْمُمْنَ taṯmumna	يَثْمُمْنَ yaṯmumna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَثُمَّ ʔaṯumma	تَثُمَّ taṯumma	يَثُمَّ yaṯumma	تَثُمَّا taṯummā	يَثُمَّا yaṯummā	نَثُمَّ naṯumma	تَثُمُّوا taṯummū	يَثُمُّوا yaṯummū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَثُمَّ ʔaṯumma	تَثُمِّي taṯummī	تَثُمَّ taṯumma	تَثُمَّا taṯummā	تَثُمَّا taṯummā	نَثُمَّ naṯumma	تَثْمُمْنَ taṯmumna	يَثْمُمْنَ yaṯmumna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَثُمَّ or أَثُمِّ or أَثْمُمْ ʔaṯumma or ʔaṯummi or ʔaṯmum	تَثُمَّ or تَثُمِّ or تَثْمُمْ taṯumma or taṯummi or taṯmum	يَثُمَّ or يَثُمِّ or يَثْمُمْ yaṯumma or yaṯummi or yaṯmum	تَثُمَّا taṯummā	يَثُمَّا yaṯummā	نَثُمَّ or نَثُمِّ or نَثْمُمْ naṯumma or naṯummi or naṯmum	تَثُمُّوا taṯummū	يَثُمُّوا yaṯummū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَثُمِّي taṯummī	تَثُمَّ or تَثُمِّ or تَثْمُمْ taṯumma or taṯummi or taṯmum	تَثُمَّا taṯummā	تَثُمَّا taṯummā		تَثْمُمْنَ taṯmumna	يَثْمُمْنَ yaṯmumna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ثُمَّ or ثُمِّ or اُثْمُمْ ṯumma or ṯummi or uṯmum		ثُمَّا ṯummā			ثُمُّوا ṯummū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		ثُمِّي ṯummī		ثُمَّا ṯummā			اُثْمُمْنَ uṯmumna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ثُمِمْتُ ṯumimtu	ثُمِمْتَ ṯumimta	ثُمَّ ṯumma	ثُمِمْتُمَا ṯumimtumā	ثُمَّا ṯummā	ثُمِمْنَا ṯumimnā	ثُمِمْتُمْ ṯumimtum	ثُمُّوا ṯummū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	ثُمِمْتُ ṯumimtu	ثُمِمْتِ ṯumimti	ثُمَّتْ ṯummat	ثُمِمْتُمَا ṯumimtumā	ثُمَّتَا ṯummatā	ثُمِمْنَا ṯumimnā	ثُمِمْتُنَّ ṯumimtunna	ثُمِمْنَ ṯumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُثَمُّ ʔuṯammu	تُثَمُّ tuṯammu	يُثَمُّ yuṯammu	تُثَمَّانِ tuṯammāni	يُثَمَّانِ yuṯammāni	نُثَمُّ nuṯammu	تُثَمُّونَ tuṯammūna	يُثَمُّونَ yuṯammūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُثَمُّ ʔuṯammu	تُثَمِّينَ tuṯammīna	تُثَمُّ tuṯammu	تُثَمَّانِ tuṯammāni	تُثَمَّانِ tuṯammāni	نُثَمُّ nuṯammu	تُثْمَمْنَ tuṯmamna	يُثْمَمْنَ yuṯmamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُثَمَّ ʔuṯamma	تُثَمَّ tuṯamma	يُثَمَّ yuṯamma	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā	يُثَمَّا yuṯammā	نُثَمَّ nuṯamma	تُثَمُّوا tuṯammū	يُثَمُّوا yuṯammū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُثَمَّ ʔuṯamma	تُثَمِّي tuṯammī	تُثَمَّ tuṯamma	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā	نُثَمَّ nuṯamma	تُثْمَمْنَ tuṯmamna	يُثْمَمْنَ yuṯmamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُثَمَّ or أُثَمِّ or أُثْمَمْ ʔuṯamma or ʔuṯammi or ʔuṯmam	تُثَمَّ or تُثَمِّ or تُثْمَمْ tuṯamma or tuṯammi or tuṯmam	يُثَمَّ or يُثَمِّ or يُثْمَمْ yuṯamma or yuṯammi or yuṯmam	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā	يُثَمَّا yuṯammā	نُثَمَّ or نُثَمِّ or نُثْمَمْ nuṯamma or nuṯammi or nuṯmam	تُثَمُّوا tuṯammū	يُثَمُّوا yuṯammū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُثَمِّي tuṯammī	تُثَمَّ or تُثَمِّ or تُثْمَمْ tuṯamma or tuṯammi or tuṯmam	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā	تُثَمَّا tuṯammā		تُثْمَمْنَ tuṯmamna	يُثْمَمْنَ yuṯmamna

Noun

ثَمّ • (ṯamm) m

verbal noun of ثَمَّ (ṯamma) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ثَمّ (ṯamm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ثَمّ ṯamm	الثَّمّ aṯ-ṯamm	ثَمّ ṯamm
Nominative	ثَمٌّ ṯammun	الثَّمُّ aṯ-ṯammu	ثَمُّ ṯammu
Accusative	ثَمًّا ṯamman	الثَّمَّ aṯ-ṯamma	ثَمَّ ṯamma
Genitive	ثَمٍّ ṯammin	الثَّمِّ aṯ-ṯammi	ثَمِّ ṯammi

Noun

ثُمّ • (ṯumm) m

household utensils, tools that put a house or tent into a good order, domestic possessions

Declension

Declension of noun ثُمّ (ṯumm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ثُمّ ṯumm	الثُّمّ aṯ-ṯumm	ثُمّ ṯumm
Nominative	ثُمٌّ ṯummun	الثُّمُّ aṯ-ṯummu	ثُمُّ ṯummu
Accusative	ثُمًّا ṯumman	الثُّمَّ aṯ-ṯumma	ثُمَّ ṯumma
Genitive	ثُمٍّ ṯummin	الثُّمِّ aṯ-ṯummi	ثُمِّ ṯummi

References

Freytag, Georg (1830) “ثم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 226
Lane, Edward William (1863) “ثم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 350–351
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ثم”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 157

Urdu

Etymology

From Arabic ثُمَّ (ṯumma).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /sʊm.mᵊ/

Adverb

ثُمَّ • (summa) (Hindi spelling सुम्मा)

again, once more
then, thereafter

References

“ثم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
“ثم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

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