שבת

שְׁבַת • (šəḇaṯ)

1. rest; observe the Sabbath

שַׁבַּת • (šabbaṯ)

1. singular construct state of שבתא

Possibly from Akkadian 𒊭𒉺𒀜𒌈 (šapattum, “the middle day of the lunar month”).

• (Modern Israeli Hebrew) IPA^(key): [ʃaˈbat]
• (Ashkenazi Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈbɔs/, /ˈʃabɔs/
• (Yemenite Hebrew) IPA^(key): /ʃæbˈbɔːθ/
• (Tiberian Hebrew) IPA^(key): [ʃabˈbɔːθ]

שַׁבָּת • (shabát) f (plural indefinite שַׁבָּתוֹת)

1. Shabbat, Sabbath; weekly day of rest
   • בראשית רבה, יז ה

     רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר יִצְחָק אָמַר: ג׳ נוֹבְלוֹת הֵן: נוֹבֶלֶת מִיתָה שֵׁינָה, נוֹבֶלֶת נְבוּאָה חֲלוֹם, נוֹבֶלֶת הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא שַׁבָּת.

     They are three samples: a sample of death is sleep, a sample of prophecy is dream, a sample of the world-to-come is the Sabbath.

2. Saturday
3. (archaic) week (Mishnaic Hebrew)

• מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת (motsa'éi shabát)
• שַׁבָּתוֹן (shabatón)
• שַׁבָּת שָׁלוֹם (shabát shalóm)
• שׁוֹמֵר שַׁבָּת (shomér shabát)

• → Ancient Greek: σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”)
  • Greek: Σάββατο (Sávvato)
  • Byzantine Greek: *σάμβατον (*sámbaton)
    • Italiot Greek: samba
    • → Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ (sabbaton)
    • → Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (*sambatō)
      • Old High German: sambaztag (see there for further descendants)
    • → Latin: *sambatum (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *sǫbota (see there for further descendants)
  • → Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō)
  • → Romani: sàvato
  • → Old Armenian: սաբբատ (sabbat), սաբատ (sabat)
  • → Mingrelian: საბატონი (sabaṭoni) (see there for further descendants)
  • → Latin: sabbatum (see there for further descendants)
  • → Laz: საბატონი (sabaťoni), საპატონი (sap̌aťoni)
• → Arabic: السَّبْت (as-sabt)
• → Classical Syriac: ܫܒܬܐ (šabbəṯā)
  • → Old Armenian: շաբաթ (šabatʻ) (see there for further descendants)
• → Dutch: sjabbat
• → English: Shabbat
• → French: chabbat, shabbat
• → Georgian: შაბაში (šabaši)
• → German: Schabbat, Schabbath
• → Norwegian: sabbat
• → Polish: szabat
• → Romanian: Șabat
• → Russian: Шабба́т (Šabbát)
• → Yiddish: שבת (shabes)
  • → Czech: šábes
  • → Dutch: sjabbes
  • → English: Shabbos
  • → German: Schabbes
  • → Hungarian: sábesz
  • → Polish: szabas
  • → Swedish: shabbes

• H7676 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

שָׁבַת • (shavát) third-singular masculine past (pa'al construction, future ישבות / יִשְׁבֹּת)

1. to stop working, to rest
   • Tanach, Genesis 2:2-3, with translation of the Jewish Publication Society:

     וַיְכַל אֱלֹהִים בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה וַיִּשְׁבֹּת בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃ וַיְבָרֶךְ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־יוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וַיְקַדֵּשׁ אֹתוֹ כִּי בוֹ שָׁבַת מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָא אֱלֹהִים לַעֲשׂוֹת׃

     vay'khál 'elohím bayóm hash'vi'í m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá vayishbót bayóm hash'vi'í mikol-m'lakhtó 'ashér 'asá. vay'várekh 'elohím 'et-yóm hash'vi'í vay'kadésh 'otó kí vó shavát mikol-m'lakhtó 'asher-bará 'elohím la'asót.
     wayəḵal ʾĕlōhīm bayyōm haššəḇīʿī məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā wayyišbōṯ bayyōm haššəḇīʿī mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer ʿāśā. wayəḇā́reḵ ʾĕlōhīm ʾeṯ-yōm haššəḇīʿī wayəqaddēš ʾōṯō kī ḇō šāḇaṯ mikkol-məlaḵtō ʾăšer-bārā ʾĕlōhīm laʿăśōṯ.

     And on the seventh day God finished His work which He had made; and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had made. And God blessed the seventh day, and hallowed it; because that in it He rested from all His work which God in creating had made.

2. to go on strike

• שְׁבִיתָה (sh'vitá)

שֶׁבֶת • (shévet)

1. bare infinitive (infinitive construct or gerund) of יָשַׁב (yasháv)

From Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát).

• (YIVO, Litvish, Poylish) IPA^(key): [ˈʃa.bəs]
• (Ukraynish) IPA^(key): [ˈʃɔ.bəs]

שבת • (shabes) m, plural שבתים (shabosem)

1. Saturday
2. Sabbath, Shabbat

• אַ גוטן שבת (a gutn shabes)
• גוט שבת (gut shabes)
• שבתדיק (shabesdik)

• → Czech: šábes
• → Dutch: sjabbes
• → English: Shabbos
• → German: Schabbes
• → Hungarian: sábesz
• → Polish: szabas
• → Swedish: shabbes

• (days of the week) די טעג פֿון דער וואָך (di teg fun der vokh)‎; זונטיק (zuntik)‎, מאָנטיק (montik)‎, דינסטיק (dinstik)‎, מיטוואָך (mitvokh)‎, דאָנערשטיק (donershtik)‎, פֿרײַטיק (fraytik)‎, שבת (shabes) ^{(Category: yi:Days of the week)}