ма
Bulgarian
Interjection
ма • (ma)
- (vulgar, derogatory) placed at the end of a sentence, when directed at a woman, as a strongly offensive intensifier
Dungan
Eastern Mari
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mɑ/
Conjunction
ма • (ma)
Particle
ма • (ma)
- interrogative particle
- толат ма?
- tolat ma?
- are you coming?
References
- J. Bradley et al. (2023) “ма”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna
Komi-Permyak
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod), Ossetian мыд (myd) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Zyrian ма (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈma/, [ˈmä]
- Hyphenation: ма
Declension
Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маэз (maez) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маэзӧс (maezös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маэзӧн (maezön) | |
comitative | макӧт (maköt) | маэзкӧт (maezköt) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маэзтӧг (maeztög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маэзла (maezla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маэзлӧн (maezlön) | |
ablative | малісь (maliś) | маэзлісь (maezliś) | |
dative | малӧ (malö) | маэзлӧ (maezlö) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маэзын (maezyn) | |
elative | маись (maiś) | маэзісь (maeziś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маэзӧ (maezö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маэзсянь (maezśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маэзлань (maezlań) | |
terminative | I | маӧдз (maödź) | маэзӧдз (maezödź) |
II | мави (mavi) | маэзви (maezvi) | |
prolative | маӧт (maöt) | маэзӧт (maezöt) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ма | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Komi-Zyrian
Etymology
From Proto-Permic *må, from Proto-Uralic *mete, borrowed from an Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu (compare Russian мёд (mjod) and English mead). Cognates include Finnish mesi and Hungarian méz.
Permic cognates include Udmurt му (mu) and Komi-Permyak ма (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈma/, [ˈmä]
- Hyphenation: ма
Declension
Declension of ма (stem: ма-) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) | |
accusative | I* | ма (ma) | маяс (majas) |
II* | маӧс (maös) | маясӧс (majasös) | |
instrumental | маӧн (maön) | маясӧн (majasön) | |
comitative | макӧд (maköd) | маяскӧд (majasköd) | |
caritive | матӧг (matög) | маястӧг (majastög) | |
consecutive | мала (mala) | маясла (majasla) | |
genitive | малӧн (malön) | маяслӧн (majaslön) | |
ablative | малысь (malyś) | маяслысь (majaslyś) | |
dative | малы (maly) | маяслы (majasly) | |
inessive | маын (mayn) | маясын (majasyn) | |
elative | маысь (mayś) | маясысь (majasyś) | |
illative | маӧ (maö) | маясӧ (majasö) | |
egressive | масянь (maśań) | маяссянь (majasśań) | |
approximative | малань (malań) | маяслань (majaslań) | |
terminative | маӧдз (maödź) | маясӧдз (majasödź) | |
prolative | I | маӧд (maöd) | маясӧд (majasöd) |
II | маті (mati) | маясті (majasti) | |
*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. |
Possessive declension of ма | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
References
- A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 121
- L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 376
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ma]
Interjection
ма • (ma)
- (vulgar, derogatory) Placed at the end of an utterance as an offensive intensifier (usually when addressing women)
Mariupol Greek
Etymology
From Byzantine Greek μά (má), borrowed from Old Italian ma. Cognates include Greek μα (ma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [mɐ]
- Hyphenation: ма
References
- A. A. Diamantopulo-Rionis with D. L. Demerdzhi, A. M. Davydova-Diamantopulo, A. A. Shapurma, R. S. Kharabadot, and D. K. Patricha (2006) “ма”, in Румейско-русский и русско-румейский словарь пяти диалектов греков Приазовья, Mariupol, →ISBN
- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса, Donetsk, page 34
Northern Khanty
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [maː]
Declension
Inflection of ма (ma) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ма (ma) | ||
Accusative | мăнәт (mănət) | ||
Dative | мăнєм (mănêm) |
See also
References
- Solovar, V. N. (2014) “ма”, in Хантыйско-русский Словарь (казымский диалект) [Khanty-Russian Dictionary (Kazym Dialect)], Khanty-Mansiysk: ООО «ФОРМАТ», →ISBN, page 174
Ossetian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁.
Further reading
- Bigulajev, B. B., Gagkajev, K. Je., Kulajev, N. X., Tuajeva, O. N. (1970) “ма”, in A. M. Kasajev, editor, Осетинско-русский словарь [Ossetian–Russian Dictionary], 3rd edition, Ordzhonikidze: Ir
- Takazov, F. M. (2003) “ма”, in Дигорско-русский словарь [Digor–Russian Dictionary], Vladikavkaz: Alania
- Abajev, V. I. (1973) “ma”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 60f
Southern Yukaghir
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmaʔ]
- Rhymes: -aʔ
- Hyphenation: ма
Interjection
ма (ma)
- take it!
- 2000, V. K. Spiridonov, I. A. Nikolaeva, Букварь для 1 класса юкагирских школ [A primer for the 1st class of Yukaghir schools], Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 11:
- Эм-мээ, ма!
- Em-mē, ma!
- Mum-my, take!
References
- Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 30
Udmurt
Etymology
From Proto-Permic [Term?], from Proto-Uralic *mi. Cognates include Moksha мезе (meźe), Veps mi and Hungarian mi.
Permic ognates include Komi-Zyrian мый (myj) and Komi-Yazva мөй (måj).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈmä]
- Rhymes: -ä
- Hyphenation: ма
References
- L. E. Kirillova, L. L. Karpova, editors (2008), “ма”, in Удмурт-ӟуч кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian dictionary], Izhevsk: Удмуртский институт истории, языка и литературы УрО РАН, →ISBN, page 418
- T. V. Voronova, T. A. Poyarkova, editor (2012), Удмурт-ӟуч, ӟуч-удмурт кыллюкам [Udmurt-Russian, Russian-Udmurt dictionary] (overall work in Russian), Izhevsk: Книжное издательство «Удмуртия», →ISBN, page 46
- Yrjö Wichmann, Toivo Emil Uotila (1987) Mikko Korhonen, editor, Wotjakischer Wortschatz [Votyak Vocabulary] (Lexica Societatis Fenno-Ugricae; Volume 21) (overall work in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153