tud

Breton

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtyːd/

Noun

tud m

  1. plural of den
  2. people (persons in general)
  3. parents
  4. kin, clan

Danish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtˢuˀð], [ˈtˢuðˀ]
  • Rhymes: -uːˀð

Etymology 1

From Middle High German tūte (“thing shaped like a horn”), tōte (“jug with a spout”), from Old High German thioza, from Proto-West Germanic *þeutā (“pipe”) with an irregular (onomatopoeic?) treatment of the initial consonant.

Compare also Dutch tuit (“spout”), German Tüte (“bag”), and (a younger loan from Low German) Danish tut. The Germanic noun is derived from the verb *þeutaną, which shows the same development of the initial consonant in Middle Low German tūten (hence German tuten) and Dutch tuiten, toeten (hence English toot).

Noun

tud c (singular definite tuden, plural indefinite tude)

  1. spout
  2. nozzle
  3. snout
Declension
Declension of tud
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative tud tuden tude tudene
genitive tuds tudens tudes tudenes

References

Etymology 2

From the verb tude.

Noun

tud n (singular definite tudet, plural indefinite tud)

  1. howl
  2. hoot
Declension
Declension of tud
neuter
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative tud tudet tud tudene
genitive tuds tudets tuds tudenes

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tud

  1. imperative of tude

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *tumte-. Cognate with Finnish tuntea and Estonian tundma.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈtud]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ud

Verb

tud

  1. (transitive) to know (to be aware of some information)
    Synonym: tisztában van
    Tudom, hol van. ― I know where it is.
  2. (auxiliary with a verb in the infinitive) can, to be able, know how to
    Synonym: (adjective) képes
    Tudok vezetni. ― I know how to drive.
  3. (transitive, colloquial) to know (to be acquainted or familiar with)
    Synonym: ismer
    Tudok valakit, aki segíthet. ― I know someone who could help.

Usage notes
  • Similarly to French, German, and Spanish etc., Hungarian distinguishes two senses of ’to know’, being aware or certain of some information (this verb) and being acquainted or familiar with someone or something (see ismer). See also usage notes at the German verb kennen describing the same difference and translations of to know for related terms in other languages.
  • To express can in the sense of being permitted, allowed, or enabled to (indicating permission), see -hat/-het.

Conjugation
conjugation of tud
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudok tudsz tud tudunk tudtok tudnak
Def. tudom tudod tudja tudjuk tudjátok tudják
2nd-p. o. tudlak ―
Past Indef. tudtam tudtál tudott tudtunk tudtatok tudtak
Def. tudtam tudtad tudta tudtuk tudtátok tudták
2nd-p. o. tudtalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. tudni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. tudék tudál tuda tudánk tudátok tudának
Def. tudám tudád tudá tudánk tudátok tudák
2nd-p. o. tudálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. tud vala, tudott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. tudandok tudandasz tudand tudandunk tudandotok tudandanak
Def. tudandom tudandod tudandja tudandjuk tudandjátok tudandják
2nd-p. o. tudandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudnék tudnál tudna tudnánk tudnátok tudnának
Def. tudnám tudnád tudná tudnánk
(or tudnók)		 tudnátok tudnák
2nd-p. o. tudnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tudott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudjak tudj or
tudjál		 tudjon tudjunk tudjatok tudjanak
Def. tudjam tudd or
tudjad		 tudja tudjuk tudjátok tudják
2nd-p. o. tudjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tudott légyen
Infinitive tudni tudnom tudnod tudnia tudnunk tudnotok tudniuk
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
tudás tudó tudott tudandó tudva (tudván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of tud
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudhatok tudhatsz tudhat tudhatunk tudhattok tudhatnak
Def. tudhatom tudhatod tudhatja tudhatjuk tudhatjátok tudhatják
2nd-p. o. tudhatlak ―
Past Indef. tudhattam tudhattál tudhatott tudhattunk tudhattatok tudhattak
Def. tudhattam tudhattad tudhatta tudhattuk tudhattátok tudhatták
2nd-p. o. tudhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. tudhaték tudhatál tudhata tudhatánk tudhatátok tudhatának
Def. tudhatám tudhatád tudhatá tudhatánk tudhatátok tudhaták
2nd-p. o. tudhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. tudhat vala, tudhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. tudhatandok
or tudandhatok 		tudhatandasz
or tudandhatsz		 tudhatand
or tudandhat		 tudhatandunk
or tudandhatunk		 tudhatandotok
or tudandhattok		 tudhatandanak
or tudandhatnak
Def. tudhatandom
or tudandhatom		 tudhatandod
or tudandhatod		 tudhatandja
or tudandhatja		 tudhatandjuk
or tudandhatjuk 		tudhatandjátok
or tudandhatjátok		 tudhatandják
or tudandhatják
2nd-p. o. tudhatandalak
or tudandhatlak		 ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudhatnék tudhatnál tudhatna tudhatnánk tudhatnátok tudhatnának
Def. tudhatnám tudhatnád tudhatná tudhatnánk
(or tudhatnók)		 tudhatnátok tudhatnák
2nd-p. o. tudhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. tudhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. tudhassak tudhass or
tudhassál		 tudhasson tudhassunk tudhassatok tudhassanak
Def. tudhassam tudhasd or
tudhassad		 tudhassa tudhassuk tudhassátok tudhassák
2nd-p. o. tudhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. tudhatott légyen
Inf. (tudhatni) (tudhatnom) (tudhatnod) (tudhatnia) (tudhatnunk) (tudhatnotok) (tudhatniuk)
Positive adjective tudható Neg. adj. tudhatatlan Adv. part. (tudhatva / tudhatván)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Compound words
Expressions

See also
  • Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

Further reading
  • tud in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Kapampangan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtud/, [ˈtud]

Noun

tud

  1. (anatomy) knee

Sumerian

Romanization

tud

  1. Romanization of 𒌅 (tud)

Tutong

Alternative forms
  • etud

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tud/

Noun

tud

  1. knee

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh tut, from Proto-Brythonic *tʉd, from Proto-Celtic *toutā, from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂.

Pronunciation

Noun

tud f (plural tudau)

  1. region, country
  2. people

Derived terms
  • alltud (“deportee; foreigner”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
tud dud nhud thud
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yogad

Noun

tud

  1. (anatomy) knee
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