serenus

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kseresnos, related to *kseros, whence perhaps also serēscō (“become dry”). See also Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós), Sanskrit क्षार (kṣārá).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

serēnus (feminine serēna, neuter serēnum, adverb serēnē); first/second-declension adjective

  1. Clear, fair, bright, serene, tranquil.
  2. That clears the sky or brings fair weather.
  3. (figuratively) Cheerful, glad, joyous, bright; clear, fair, calm, placid, serene
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.285–286:
      “‘[...] Quae causa indigna serēnōs / foedāvit voltūs? [...].’”
      “‘What shameful cause disfigured your serene face?’”
      (Aeneas dreams he is speaking to the dead and disfigured Hector. The Latin plural “serenos voltus,” here translated as English singular, implies a heroic character which projects steadfast calm despite changing circumstances.)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative serēnus serēna serēnum serēnī serēnae serēna
Genitive serēnī serēnae serēnī serēnōrum serēnārum serēnōrum
Dative serēnō serēnō serēnīs
Accusative serēnum serēnam serēnum serēnōs serēnās serēna
Ablative serēnō serēnā serēnō serēnīs
Vocative serēne serēna serēnum serēnī serēnae serēna

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Aromanian: sirin
  • Catalan: serè
  • Dalmatian: saran
  • English: serene
  • Friulian: seren
  • Italian: sereno
  • Occitan: seren
  • Old French: serein
  • Portuguese: sereno
  • Romanian: senin
  • Sardinian: assulenu, selenu
  • Spanish: sereno
  • Venetian: seren

References
  • “serenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “serenus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • serenus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “serenus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
  2. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989.
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