saor

Irish

Pronunciation
  • (Munster) IPA(key): /sˠeːɾˠ/
  • (Connacht) IPA(key): /sˠiːɾˠ/
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /sˠiːɾˠ/, (older) /sˠɯːɾˠ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish saer, from Old Irish sóer, from Proto-Celtic *su-wiros (“good man”).

Adjective

saor (genitive singular masculine saoir, genitive singular feminine saoire, plural saora, comparative saoire)

  1. free (not imprisoned; unconstrained; without obligations; (of software) with very few restrictions on distribution or improvement)
    1. (literary) having freeman status, enfranchised; noble
    2. independent
    3. disengaged
    4. unrestrained, unrestricted
    5. not fixed or combined
    6. blameless, innocent (ar, ó (“of”))
    7. immune, exempt (ar, ó (“from”))
    8. safe (ó (“from”))
    9. (literary, of things) choice
  2. (grammar) autonomous (of Celtic verb forms similar in meaning to the passive voice)
  3. cheap, inexpensive
Usage notes

Although ‘free’ is the most common translation of this word, it does not mean ‘free of charge, gratis’, but rather ‘cheap, inexpensive’ in reference to goods or services being exchanged. The term for ‘free of charge’ is in aisce.

Declension
Declension of saor
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative saor shaor saora;
shaora²
Vocative shaoir saora
Genitive saoire saora saor
Dative saor;
shaor¹		 shaor;
shaoir (archaic)		 saora;
shaora²
Comparative níos saoire
Superlative is saoire

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “cheap, inexpensive”): daor

Verb

saor (present analytic saorann, future analytic saorfaidh, verbal noun saoradh, past participle saortha) (transitive)

  1. (literary) raise to free status, enfranchise
  2. free, liberate
  3. save, redeem
  4. acquit, exonerate
  5. free, exempt, deliver (ar, ó (“from”))
  6. (with de) rid of
Conjugation
conjugation of saor (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present saoraim saorann tú;
saorair†		 saorann sé, sí saoraimid saorann sibh saorann siad;
saoraid†		 a saorann; a saoras /
a saorann*; a saoras*		 saortar
past saor mé; saoras saor tú; saorais saor sé, sí saoramar; saor muid saor sibh; saorabhair saor siad; saoradar a saor /
ar saor*		 saoradh
past habitual saorainn saortá saoradh sé, sí saoraimis; saoradh muid saoradh sibh saoraidís; saoradh siad a saoradh /
a saoradh*		 saortaí
future saorfaidh mé;
saorfad		 saorfaidh tú;
saorfair†		 saorfaidh sé, sí saorfaimid;
saorfaidh muid		 saorfaidh sibh saorfaidh siad;
saorfaid†		 a saorfaidh; a saorfas /
a saorfaidh*; a saorfas*		 saorfar
conditional saorfainn saorfá saorfadh sé, sí saorfaimis; saorfadh muid saorfadh sibh saorfaidís; saorfadh siad a saorfadh /
a saorfadh*		 saorfaí
subjunctive present go saora mé;
go saorad†		 go saora tú;
go saorair†		 go saora sé, sí go saoraimid;
go saora muid		 go saora sibh go saora siad;
go saoraid†		 — go saortar
past dá saorainn dá saortá dá saoradh sé, sí dá saoraimis;
dá saoradh muid		 dá saoradh sibh dá saoraidís;
dá saoradh siad		 — dá saortaí
imperative saoraim saor saoradh sé, sí saoraimis saoraigí;
saoraidh†		 saoraidís — saortar
verbal noun saoradh
past participle saortha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Irish saer, from Old Irish sáer, from Proto-Celtic *saɸiros, from Proto-Indo-European *sapiros, from *sap- (“skill”). Cognate with Welsh saer (“carpenter; mason”).

Noun

saor m (genitive singular saoir, nominative plural saoir)

  1. craftsman
  2. (stone)mason
  3. artificer
Declension
Declension of saor

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative saor saoir
Vocative a shaoir a shaora
Genitive saoir saor
Dative saor saoir

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an saor na saoir
Genitive an tsaoir na saor
Dative leis an saor

don saor

 leis na saoir

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
saor shaor
after an, tsaor		 not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /s̪ɯːɾ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish sóer, from Proto-Celtic *su-wiros (“good man”).

Adjective

saor (comparative saoire)

  1. free
  2. cheap
Declension
Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative saor shaor saora
Vocative shaoir shaor saora
Genitive shaoir shaoir/saoire saora
Dative shaor shaoir saora
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “cheap”): daor
Derived terms

Verb

saor (past shaor, future saoraidh, verbal noun saoradh, past participle saorte)

  1. free, rescue, save
  2. clear, redeem
  3. cheapen

Etymology 2

From Old Irish sáer, from Proto-Celtic *saɸiros, from Proto-Indo-European *sapiros, from *sap- (“skill”).

Noun

saor m (genitive singular saoir, plural saoir)

  1. joiner
  2. carpenter

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
saorshaor
after "an", t-saor
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Venetian

Alternative forms
  • saore

Etymology

From Latin sapor, sapōrem. Compare Italian sapore.

Noun

saor m (plural saori)

  1. taste, flavour
  2. sauce
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