rudens
Danish
Latin
Etymology
Uncertain;[1] proposed derivations include:
- From a Proto-Indo-European root related to German Riemen (“belt, strap”) and Old English rēoma (“membrane”).
- From a root common to Ancient Greek ἐρύω (erúō, “to drag, draw”), ῥυμός (rhumós, “pole”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈruː.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ẽːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ens]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈrʊd̪ẽːs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈru.dens/, [ˈruːd̪ens]
Noun
rū̆dēns m (genitive rū̆dentis); third declension
Usage notes
The root vowel is long in Plautus, but occurs as short exclusively at verse-end since Lucilius, Catullus, Vergil.
Declension
Note that rū̆dentium is an alternative form for the Gen. Pl. and rū̆dentī for the Abl. Sg.
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | rū̆dēns | rū̆dentēs |
Genitive | rū̆dentis | rū̆dentum |
Dative | rū̆dentī | rū̆dentibus |
Accusative | rū̆dentem | rū̆dentēs |
Ablative | rū̆dente | rū̆dentibus |
Vocative | rū̆dēns | rū̆dentēs |
Descendants
- Italian: rudente
References
- “rudens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “rudens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rudens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “rudens”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “rudens”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “rudens”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 446
Latvian
Etymology
From the same stem as the adjective ruds (“reddish brown”) (q.v.), apparently because of the color of leaves in autumn. An older term for “autumn”, cognate with Old Prussian assanis and Russian о́сень (ósenʹ), has been lost, possibly in part due to homonymy with asinis (“blood”). Cognates include Lithuanian ruduõ.[1]
Noun
rudens m (2nd declension, irregular nominative, genitive)
- autumn (season of the year between summer and winter, from September 23 to December 23 in the Northern Hemisphere, characterized by lower temperatures and by the falling of leaves)
- vēls rudens ― late autumn
- rudens diena, nakts ― autumn day, night
- vasara iet pret rudeni ― summer is going toward autumn
- jūtams rudens tuvums ― one can feel the coming of autumn
- zelta rudens ― goldemn autumn (dry and sunny autumn, with tree leaves showing many shades of color)
- (in the genitive, used adjectivally) autumn, typical of autumn, used in autumn
- rudens āboli ― autumn apples
- rudens raža ― autumn harvest
- rudens sēja, aršana ― autumn sowing, plowing
- rudens salnas ― autumn frosts
- rudens tirgus ― autumn market
- rudens mētelis ― autumn coat
- ārā vēl arvienu līst sīkais, vienmuļīgais rudens lietus ― outside a small, dreary autumn rain is still falling
- (figuratively) autumn (final phase, usually followed by the end)
- lai tāda brīža nav, kas skumjās jānožēlo, kad... dzīves rudens kvēlos ― let there be no moment in which one regrets in sadness, when life's autumn is ablaze
Declension
Declension of rudens (2nd declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | rudens | rudeņi |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | rudeni | rudeņus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | rudens | rudeņu |
dative (datīvs) | rudenim | rudeņiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | rudeni | rudeņiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | rudenī | rudeņos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | rudeni | rudeņi |
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “rudens”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Lithuanian
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