prj
Egyptian
Etymology 1
Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *par-/*pir- (“to go out”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈpiːɾit/ → /ˈpiːɾiʔ/ → /ˈpiːɾa/ → /ˈpiːɾə/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /pɛri/
- Conventional anglicization: peri
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to emerge, to come out, to come forth, to go forth (+ m: from; + r: to, into (a place), against (someone); + n: to (someone); + ḥr: through (a door))
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 18–19:
- pr.n.f mḏḥ.w m wḏ n(j) gbb šzp.n.f ḥqꜣt jdbwj wrrt mn.tj m tp.f
- He came forth wreathed at the command of Geb, having received the rulership of the Two Riverbanks (Egypt), the White Crown fixed upon his head.
- (intransitive, of besieged people) to come out, to surrender
- (intransitive, Late Egyptian, of land) to emerge or reappear after a flood, to no longer be flooded
- (intransitive) to escape (+ m or ẖr: from (fire, custody, danger in war, etc.))
- (intransitive) to ascend, to go up (+ r: to (a place); + tp or r tp: onto; + ḫr or n: to (someone); + r, m, or ḥr: up (a stairway))
- c. 2289 BCE – 2255 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Pepi I — west wall of the antechamber, line 22–23, spell 474.4–474.5:[2]
- pr.f r.f jr pt mm sbꜣw mm j.ḫmw-skj ꜣt ppy tp.f šꜥt.f r gswj.f ḥkꜣw.f jr rd[wj.f]
- So he goes forth to the sky among the stars, among the circumpolar stars, with Pepi’s striking-power atop him, his viciousness at his sides, and his magic at his feet.
- (intransitive, of celestial bodies, gods, kings, and the dead) to appear, to emerge, to manifest (+ m: from, out of)
- (intransitive, of fire, voices, wind, storms, etc.) to break out, to burst forth, to emerge
- (intransitive) to be divinely created, to emerge (+ m: by, from (a god), from (a body part of a god))
- (intransitive) to be born (+ m: from (a person, a god, a belly, an egg, etc.))
- (intransitive, of goods, with m) to originate in (a place), to have one’s source or origin in
- (intransitive, of goods and offerings) to be produced, supplied, provided (+ m: by, from (a place); + n: to (someone))
- (intransitive, of people and names) to become well known, renowned, to come to stand out
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1:
- jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).k
- Let your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.
- (intransitive, mathematics) to be subtracted
Inflection
Conjugation of prj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: pr, geminated stem: prr
infinitival forms | imperative | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | negatival complement | complementary infinitive1 | singular | plural |
prt, prj |
prw, pr |
prt, prwt, pryt |
pr |
pr, pry |
‘pseudoverbal’ forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
stative stem | periphrastic imperfective2 | periphrastic prospective2 | |
pr8, prr8 |
ḥr prt, ḥr prj |
m prt, m prj |
r prt, r prj |
suffix conjugation | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | active | contingent | |
aspect / mood | active | ||
perfect | pr.n |
consecutive | pr.jn |
terminative | prt, pryt | ||
perfective3 | pr |
obligative1 | pr.ḫr |
imperfective | pr, pry | ||
prospective3 | prw, pr, pry |
potentialis1 | pr.kꜣ |
subjunctive | pr, pry |
verbal adjectives | |||
---|---|---|---|
aspect / mood | relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms | participles | |
active | active | passive | |
perfect | pr.n |
— | — |
perfective | prw1, pry, pr |
pr |
pry, pr |
imperfective | prr, prry, prrw5 |
prr, prrj6, prry6 |
prr, prrw5 |
prospective | prw1, pry, pr, prtj7 |
prwtj1 4, prtj4, prt4 | |
|
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲓⲣⲓ (phiri)
- Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲉ (peire)
Pronunciation
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /pɛri/
- Conventional anglicization: peri
Inflection
Declension of prj (masculine)
singular | prj |
---|---|
dual | prjwj |
plural | prjw |
References
- “pri̯ (lemma ID 60920)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “prj (lemma ID 60990)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 518–525.6, 532.1
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 90–91
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145.
- Orel, Vladimir E., Stolbova, Olga V. (1995) “*pa/ir-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 474.4–474.5 (Pyr. 940a–940c), P
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