ocus
Middle Irish
Alternative forms
Adverb
ocus
- also
- c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:
- I n‑oen uair dana tancatar ocus techta Conchobair mic Nessa do chungid in chon chetna.
- At the same time, then, messengers came also from Conchobar Mac Nessa to ask for the same dog.
Mutation
Middle Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ocus | unchanged | n-ocus |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ocus”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *adgostus, with the initial o- arising under the influence of oc (“at”). Cognate to Welsh agos.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈoɡus/
Adjective
ocus (comparative oicsiu, superlative oicsi)
- near
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 138a2, 3
- écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus
- (glosses personae absenti vel quasi absenti; lit. “absent near”, i.e. though present regarded as absent)
- écndairc cian ... ecṅdairc ocus
- c. 895–901, Vita tripartita Sancti Patricii, published in Bethu Phátraic: The tripartite life of Patrick (1939, Hodges, Figgis), edited and with translations by Kathleen Mulchrone, line 2047
- "Fot·uigeb-sa dano," ol Pátraic, "hi cill napa ro-ocus arnapa dimicnithi: nípa ró-chian dano co róastar immathigid etronn."
- "I will leave you, then," said Patrick, "in a church that shall not be very near lest you be despised [???], and shall not be very far, so that mutual visiting between us may be continued.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 138a2, 3
- close (of a relationship)
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c32
- is acus a coibdelag
- near is their kinship
- c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue, line 229; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:
- Ind rígrad do·ruirmius, is ocus ar cundu, iar tuirim a féle do·rimiub a ndrungu.
- The kingsfolk I have recounted, close is our friendship; after reckoning their feasts, I will number their troops.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c32
Usage notes
Often followed by preposition do.
Inflection
u-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | ocus | ocus | ocus |
Vocative | ocus | ||
Accusative | ocus | ocuis | |
Genitive | ocuis | oicse | ocuis |
Dative | ocus | ocuis | ocus |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | oicsi | oicsi | |
Vocative | oicsi | ||
Accusative | oicsi | ||
Genitive | * | ||
Dative | oicsib | ||
Notes | *not attested in Old Irish; same as nominative singular masculine in Middle Irish |
Noun
ocus ?
- nearness, proximity
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23b41
- imb i céin fa i n-accus beo-sa
- whether I be far or near
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 23b41
Inflection
Only the dative singular ocus is used due to generally requiring the preposition i (“in”).
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
ocus | unchanged | n-ocus |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ocus, acus “near””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 ocus “and””, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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