lapio
Finnish
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Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lapido, related to Estonian labidas, Karelian labju, Veps labid and Votic lappia. Possibly borrowed from a Balto-Slavic language; compare Proto-Slavic *lopata (“shovel, spade”), Lithuanian lópeta (“shovel”), Latvian lâpsta (“shovel, spade”) and Old Prussian lopto (“spade”). Also theorized to be equivalent to lapa + -io, but this is phonologically less tenable.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlɑpio/, [ˈlɑ̝pio̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑpio
- Syllabification(key): la‧pi‧o
Noun
lapio
Usage notes
No strict distinction between shovels and spades occurs in Finnish. The term lapio can be used for any tool consisting of a flat blade attached to a handle that is used for digging and/or carrying material. Compound words are used for more specific uses, like istutuslapio (“(gardening) trowel”), laastilapio (“(mortar) trowel”), lumilapio (“snow shovel”), pistolapio (“shovel (with a pointed tip)”) or puutarhalapio (“gardening spade”).
Declension
| Inflection of lapio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | lapio | lapiot | ||
| genitive | lapion | lapioiden lapioitten | ||
| partitive | lapiota | lapioita | ||
| illative | lapioon | lapioihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | lapio | lapiot | ||
| accusative | nom. | lapio | lapiot | |
| gen. | lapion | |||
| genitive | lapion | lapioiden lapioitten | ||
| partitive | lapiota | lapioita | ||
| inessive | lapiossa | lapioissa | ||
| elative | lapiosta | lapioista | ||
| illative | lapioon | lapioihin | ||
| adessive | lapiolla | lapioilla | ||
| ablative | lapiolta | lapioilta | ||
| allative | lapiolle | lapioille | ||
| essive | lapiona | lapioina | ||
| translative | lapioksi | lapioiksi | ||
| abessive | lapiotta | lapioitta | ||
| instructive | — | lapioin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of lapio (Kotus type 3/valtio, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
nouns
verbs
compounds
Further reading
- “lapio”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Welsh
Verb
lapio (first-person singular present lapiaf, not mutable)
- (transitive) to wrap (am up, around)
- Dych chi wedi lapio'r anrhegion eto?
- Have you wrapped the presents yet?
- Mae clogyn o oleuni wedi'i lapio amdanat.
- A cloak of light is wrapped around you.
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | lapiaf | lepi | lapia | lapiwn | lepiwch, lapiwch | lapiant | lepir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | lapiwn | lepit | lapiai | lapiem | lapiech | lapient | lepid | |
| preterite | lepiais | lepiaist | lapiodd | lapiasom | lapiasoch | lapiasant | lapiwyd | |
| pluperfect | lapiaswn | lapiasit | lapiasai | lapiasem | lapiasech | lapiasent | lapiasid, lapiesid | |
| present subjunctive | lapiwyf | lepiech | lapio | lapiom | lapioch | lapiont | lapier | |
| imperative | — | lapia | lapied | lapiwn | lepiwch, lapiwch | lapient | lapier | |
| verbal noun | lapio | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | lapiedig lapiadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | lapia i, lapiaf i | lapi di | lapith o/e/hi, lapiff e/hi | lapiwn ni | lapiwch chi | lapian nhw |
| conditional | lapiwn i, lapswn i | lapiet ti, lapset ti | lapiai fo/fe/hi, lapsai fo/fe/hi | lapien ni, lapsen ni | lapiech chi, lapsech chi | lapien nhw, lapsen nhw |
| preterite | lapiais i, lapies i | lapiaist ti, lapiest ti | lapiodd o/e/hi | lapion ni | lapioch chi | lapion nhw |
| imperative | — | lapia | — | — | lapiwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- amlapio (“wrap up”, verb)
- lapiad m (“wrapping”)
- papur lapio m (“wrapping paper; wrapper”)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “lapio”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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