kaiho
See also: kaihō
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kaiho (“harm, damage, loss”), from Proto-Uralic *kajša-w (“sickness”).[1] Cognate with Estonian kahju, Ingrian kaiho, Karelian kaiho, Livonian ka’i, Võro kaih and Votic kaiho.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ho/, [ˈkɑ̝i̯ɦo̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑiho
- Syllabification(key): kai‧ho
Declension
| Inflection of kaiho (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kaiho | kaihot | ||
| genitive | kaihon | kaihojen | ||
| partitive | kaihoa | kaihoja | ||
| illative | kaihoon | kaihoihin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | kaiho | kaihot | ||
| accusative | nom. | kaiho | kaihot | |
| gen. | kaihon | |||
| genitive | kaihon | kaihojen | ||
| partitive | kaihoa | kaihoja | ||
| inessive | kaihossa | kaihoissa | ||
| elative | kaihosta | kaihoista | ||
| illative | kaihoon | kaihoihin | ||
| adessive | kaiholla | kaihoilla | ||
| ablative | kaiholta | kaihoilta | ||
| allative | kaiholle | kaihoille | ||
| essive | kaihona | kaihoina | ||
| translative | kaihoksi | kaihoiksi | ||
| abessive | kaihotta | kaihoitta | ||
| instructive | — | kaihoin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of kaiho (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
- Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kaiho”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
Further reading
- “kaiho”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ho/, [ˈkɑi̯hŏ̞̥]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ho/, [ˈkɑi̯ho̞]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯ho
- Hyphenation: kai‧ho
Noun
kaiho
- whining
- craving, longing
- 1915, Volmari Porkka, “1149a. Soikkola. III 10 b”, in Väinö Salminen, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot, volume III1, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 5-6:
- Kelle on linnaa ikkäävä, // Kelle on kaiho Kaarastaa,
- Whoever has his boring city, // Whoever has a longing for Kaarasta,
- loss, damage
Declension
| Declension of kaiho (type 4/koivu, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kaiho | kaihot |
| genitive | kaihon | kaihoin, kaiholoin |
| partitive | kaihoa | kaihoja, kaiholoja |
| illative | kaihoo | kaihoi, kaiholoihe |
| inessive | kaihoos | kaihois, kaiholois |
| elative | kaihost | kaihoist, kaiholoist |
| allative | kaiholle | kaihoille, kaiholoille |
| adessive | kaihool | kaihoil, kaiholoil |
| ablative | kaiholt | kaihoilt, kaiholoilt |
| translative | kaihoks | kaihoiks, kaiholoiks |
| essive | kaihonna, kaihoon | kaihoinna, kaiholoinna, kaihoin, kaiholoin |
| exessive1) | kaihont | kaihoint, kaiholoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Synonyms
- (longing): ikävä
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Votic: kaiho
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 123
Votic
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈkɑi̯ho/, [ˈkɑi̯ho]
- Rhymes: -ɑi̯ho
- Hyphenation: kai‧ho
Inflection
| Declension of kaiho (type II/võrkko, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | kaiho | kaihod |
| genitive | kaiho | kaihojõ, kaihoi |
| partitive | kaihoa | kaihoitõ, kaihoi |
| illative | kaihosõ, kaiho | kaihoisõ |
| inessive | kaihoz | kaihoiz |
| elative | kaihossõ | kaihoissõ |
| allative | kaiholõ | kaihoilõ |
| adessive | kaihollõ | kaihoillõ |
| ablative | kaiholtõ | kaihoiltõ |
| translative | kaihossi | kaihoissi |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “kaiho”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn
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