geir

See also: Geir and géir

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /keiːr/
  • Rhymes: -eiːr
    Homophones: Geir

Noun

geir m (genitive singular geirs, nominative plural geirar)

  1. spear

Declension
declension of geir
m-s1 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative geir geirinn geirar geirarnir
accusative geir geirinn geira geirana
dative geiri / geir geirnum geirum geirunum
genitive geirs geirsins geira geiranna

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish geir, from Proto-Celtic *gʷeress (whence Welsh gwêr), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“heat”) or *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɟɛɾʲ/

Noun

geir f (genitive singular geire or gearach or geireadh, nominative plural geireacha)

  1. tallow, suet

Declension

As second-declension noun:

Declension of geir

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative geir geireacha
Vocative a gheir a gheireacha
Genitive g{{{3}}} geireacha
Dative geir geireacha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an gheir na geireacha
Genitive na g{{{3}}} na ngeireacha
Dative leis an ngeir

don gheir

 leis na geireacha

As fifth-declension velar stem:

Declension of geir

Fifth declension

Bare forms (no plural for this noun):

Case Singular
Nominative geir
Vocative a gheir
Genitive gearach
Dative geir
geirigh (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an gheir
Genitive na gearach
Dative leis an ngeir
leis an ngeirigh (archaic, dialectal)

don gheir
don gheirigh (archaic, dialectal)

As fifth-declension dental stem (the oldest form):

Declension of geir

Fifth declension

Bare forms (no plural for this noun):

Case Singular
Nominative geir
Vocative a gheir
Genitive geireadh
Dative geir
geiridh (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an gheir
Genitive na geireadh
Dative leis an ngeir
leis an ngeiridh (archaic, dialectal)

don gheir
don gheiridh (archaic, dialectal)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
geir gheir ngeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷered-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

Further reading

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognates include Irish ga.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /jɛɪːr/

Noun

geir m (definite singular geiren, indefinite plural geirar, definite plural geirane)

  1. (archaic or historical) a spear
  2. (fishing) a leister, a kind of fishing spear
    Synonym: lyster
  3. (zoology) a small mackerel
    Synonym: pir

Derived terms

Male given names:

  • Almgeir
  • Alvgeir
  • Arngeir
  • Audgeir
  • Bengeir
  • Borggeir
  • Dalgeir
  • Eddgeir
  • Falgeir
  • Finngeir
  • Fjallgeir
  • Fridgeir
  • Geir
  • Geirald, Geiralde
  • Geiralv
  • Geirbjørn
  • Geirbrand
  • Geirdjarv
  • Geire
  • Geirfast
  • Geirfinn
  • Geirfrød, Geirrød
  • Geirhjelm
  • Geirkvat
  • Geirlak
  • Geirleik
  • Geirleiv
  • Geirljot
  • Geirmar
  • Geirmund, Geirmunde
  • Geirnjot
  • Geirolv, Geirulv
  • Geirrek, Geirrik
  • Geirstein
  • Geirtjov
  • Geirtor
  • Geirtorn
  • Geirvald
  • Geirvar
  • Geirve
  • Geirvid
  • Hallgeir
  • Hergeir
  • Holmgeir
  • Hungeir
  • Jargeir
  • Jodgeir
  • Jogeir
  • Jolgeir
  • Mungeir
  • Nevgeir
  • Oddgeir
  • Rodgeir
  • Rotgeir
  • Rådgeir
  • Siggeir
  • Styrgeir
  • Sundgeir
  • Sveingeir
  • Tinggeir
  • Tjodgeir
  • Torgeir
  • Ulvgeir
  • Vadgeir
  • Vegeir
  • Vestgeir
  • Vilgeir
  • Vitgeir
  • Åsgeir, Æsgeir, Asgeir

Female given names:

References

Anagrams

Old French

Alternative forms
  • gehir, geihir

Etymology

Frankish *jehhjan, from Proto-Germanic *jehaną (“to say, to speak”)

Verb

geïr

  1. to admit (to concede to be true)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group or second-group verb (ending in -ir, without or with an -iss- infix). This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem gei distinct from the unstressed stem ge. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of geir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive geir aveir geï
gerund en geant, geïssant gerund of aveir + past participle
present participle geant, geïssant
past participle geï
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present gei, geïs geis, geïs geit, geïst geons, geïssons geïez, geïssez geient, geïssent
imperfect geeie, geïsseie geeies, geïsseies geeit, geïsseit geïiens, geïens, geïssiiens, geïssiens geïiez, geïez, geïssiiez, geïssiez geeient, geïsseient
preterite geï geïs geï geïmes geïstes geïrent
future geïrai geïras geïra geïrons geïreiz, geïrez geïront
conditional geïreie geïreies geïreit geïriiens, geïriens geïriiez, geïriez geïreient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of aveir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of aveir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of aveir + past participle
future perfect future tense of aveir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of aveir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present geie, geïsse geies, geïsses geie, geïsse geïens, geons, geïssons geïez, geïssez geient, geïssent
imperfect geïsse geïsses geïst geïssons, geïssiens geïsseiz, geïssez, geïssiez geïssent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of aveir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— gei, geïs — geons, geïssons geïez, geïssez —

Derived terms
  • gehine, geïne

Descendants
  • Middle French: gehir

References

Old Norse

Noun

geir m

  1. accusative singular indefinite of geirr

Welsh

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡei̯r/

Noun

geir

  1. Soft mutation of ceir.

Verb

geir

  1. Soft mutation of ceir.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
ceir geir ngheir cheir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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