< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰwer-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions
  • *ǵʰwḗr- ~ *ǵʰwér-[1]
  • *ǵʰweh₁r-[2][3]

Root

*ǵʰwer-

  1. wild
  2. wild animal

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-‎ (11 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵʰwḗr (< **ǵʰwér-s)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰḗr
      • Ancient Greek: θήρ (thḗr) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀫 (qe-ro /⁠Kʷʰērōn⁠/, given name)[4]
        • ⇒ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀪𐀍 (qe-ri-jo /⁠Kʷʰēriōn⁠/)
  • *ǵʰwér-os
    • Proto-Italic: *feros
      • Latin: ferus (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰwér-ō (< **ǵʰwér-on-s)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *berô (“bear”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰwer-o-h₃kʷs
    • Proto-Italic: *ferōks
      • Latin: ferōx (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰwer-is
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źwēˀrís
      • East Baltic:
        • Latgalian: zviers
        • Latvian: zvêrs
        • Lithuanian: žvėrìs
      • West Baltic:
        • Old Prussian: swīrins
      • Proto-Slavic: *zvě̑rь (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Ancient Greek: θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”), θηράω (thēráō, “to hunt”), θήραμα (thḗrama, “prey, spoil, game”)
    • Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: śaru
      • Tocharian B: śerwe (“hunter”)

Further reading

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN
  4. John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 202 of 157–271: “θήρ”
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