fordul
Hungarian
Etymology
First attested in 1372. Of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Proto-Uralic *pürke- (*pᴕrγɜ) (“to turn, revolve, spin”)[1] + -dul (reflexive suffix).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈfordul], [ˈfoːrdul]
- Hyphenation: for‧dul
- Rhymes: -ul
Conjugation
conjugation of fordul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fordulok | fordulsz | fordul | fordulunk | fordultok | fordulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fordultam | fordultál | fordult | fordultunk | fordultatok | fordultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fordulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fordulék | fordulál | fordula | fordulánk | fordulátok | fordulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fordul vala, fordult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fordulandok | fordulandasz | forduland | fordulandunk | fordulandotok | fordulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fordulnék | fordulnál | fordulna | fordulnánk | fordulnátok | fordulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fordult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | forduljak | fordulj or forduljál |
forduljon | forduljunk | forduljatok | forduljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fordult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | fordulni | fordulnom | fordulnod | fordulnia | fordulnunk | fordulnotok | fordulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| fordulás | forduló | fordult | ― | fordulva (fordulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of fordul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fordulhatok | fordulhatsz | fordulhat | fordulhatunk | fordulhattok | fordulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | fordulhattam | fordulhattál | fordulhatott | fordulhattunk | fordulhattatok | fordulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fordulhaték | fordulhatál | fordulhata | fordulhatánk | fordulhatátok | fordulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fordulhat vala, fordulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | fordulhatandok or fordulandhatok |
fordulhatandasz or fordulandhatsz |
fordulhatand or fordulandhat |
fordulhatandunk or fordulandhatunk |
fordulhatandotok or fordulandhattok |
fordulhatandanak or fordulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fordulhatnék | fordulhatnál | fordulhatna | fordulhatnánk | fordulhatnátok | fordulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fordulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fordulhassak | fordulhass or fordulhassál |
fordulhasson | fordulhassunk | fordulhassatok | fordulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fordulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (fordulhatni) | (fordulhatnom) | (fordulhatnod) | (fordulhatnia) | (fordulhatnunk) | (fordulhatnotok) | (fordulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (fordulhatva / fordulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Related terms
References
- Entry #837 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- fordul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- fordul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
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