ezer
Basque
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *ezer, composed of *e- (indefinite prefix) + *zer (“what”).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- (most dialects) Rhymes: -es̻er
- (Biscayan) Rhymes: -es̺er
- Hyphenation: e‧zer
Pronoun
ezer
Usage notes
This word is a negative polarity item, occurring in contexts such as negative sentences, questions, and conditional clauses. The only positive statements in which it corresponds to "anything" are mostly conditionals and questions.
Declension
| nor | zer | zein | zenbat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | negative | indefinite (some) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (any) | indefinite (some) | |||||
| absolutive | inor | norbait | edonor | ezer | zerbait | edozer | edozein | zenbait | ||||
| ergative | inork | norbaitek | edonork | ezerk | zerbaitek | edozerk | edozeinek | zenbaitek | ||||
| dative | inori | norbaiti | edonori | ezeri | zerbaiti | edozeri | edozeini | zenbaiti | ||||
| genitive | inoren | norbaiten | edonoren | ezeren | zerbaiten | edozeren | edozeinen | zenbaiten | ||||
| comitative | inorekin | norbaitekin | edonorekin | ezerekin | zerbaitekin | edozerekin | edozeinekin | zenbaitekin | ||||
| causative | inorengatik | norbaitengatik | edonorengatik | ezerengatik | zerbaitengatik | edozerengatik | edozeinengatik | zenbaitengatik | ||||
| benefactive | inorentzat | norbaitentzat | edonorentzat | ezerentzat | zerbaitentzat | edozerentzat | edozeinentzat | zenbaitentzat | ||||
| instrumental | animate | inortaz | norbaitez | edonortaz | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinetaz | zenbaitetaz | |||
| inanimate | ― |
― |
― |
ezertaz | zerbaitez, zerbaitetaz | edozertaz | edozeinez | zenbaitez | ||||
| inessive | animate | inorengan | norbaitengan | edonorengan | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengan | zenbaitengan | |||
| inanimate | inon | nonbaiten | edonon | ezertan | zerbaitetan | edozertan | zeinetan | zenbaitean, zenbaitetan | ||||
| locative | animate | ― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― |
― | |||
| inanimate | inongo | norabaiteko | edonongo | ― |
zerbaitetako | ― |
edozeinetako | zenbaiteko, zenbaitetako | ||||
| allative | animate | inorengana | norbaitengana | edonorengana | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengana | zenbaitengana | |||
| inanimate | inora | norabaitera | edonora | ezertara | zerbaitera | edozertara | edozeinetara | zenbaitetara | ||||
| terminative | animate | inorenganaino | norbaitenganaino | edonorenganaino | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganaino | zenbaitenganaino | |||
| inanimate | inoraino | norabaiteraino | edonoraino | ezertaraino | zerbaiteraino | edozertaraino | edozeinetaraino | zenbaitetaraino | ||||
| directive | animate | inorenganantz | norbaitenganantz | edonorenganantz | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganantz | zenbaitenganantz | |||
| inanimate | inorantz | norabaiterantz | edonorantz | ezertarantz | zerbaiterantz | edozertarantz | edozeinetarantz | zenbaitetarantz | ||||
| destinative | animate | inorenganako | norbaitenganako | edonorenganako | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinenganako | zenbaitenganako | |||
| inanimate | inorako | norabaiterako | edonorako | ezertarako | zerbaiterako | edozertarako | edozeinetarako | zenbaitetarako | ||||
| ablative | animate | inorengandik | norbaitengandik | edonorengandik | ― |
― |
― |
edozeinengandik | zenbaitengandik | |||
| inanimate | inondik | ― |
edonondik | ezertatik | zerbaitetatik | edozertatik | edozeinetatik | zenbaitetatik | ||||
Derived terms
- ezer askorik (“not much”)
- ezer ere (“nothing at all”)
- ezer ez (“nothing at all”)
- ezer gutxi (“almost nothing”)
- ezerez
- ezerez
- ezerezean gelditu
- ezerezean geratu
- ezerezean utzi
- ezerezetik atera
- ezerezkeria
- ezereztasun
- ezergatik
- ezertarako ez izan (“to be useless”)
- ezertariko
- ezertxo
- ezertxo ere
References
- “zer” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Hungarian
| 10,000 | ||||
| ← 100 | ← 500 | 1,000 | 1,100 → | 2,000 → |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 | ||||
| Cardinal: ezer Nominal: ezres Ordinal: ezredik A.o.: ezredszer, ezredjére Adverbial: ezerszer Multiplier: ezerszeres Distributive: ezr(es)ével, ezrenként Fractional: ezred Number of people: ezren | ||||
Etymology
From Iranian, more specifically possibly from Alanic. Compare Ossetian ӕрзӕ́ (ærzǽ), Persian هزار (hezâr). The Iranian word is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *saȷ́ʰásram, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéslom.[1] The Permic languages have also borrowed this numeral from Indo-Iranian, compare Komi-Zyryan сюрс (śurs) and Udmurt сюрс (śurs).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɛzɛr]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ezer
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ezer | ezrek |
| accusative | ezret | ezreket |
| dative | ezernek | ezreknek |
| instrumental | ezerrel | ezrekkel |
| causal-final | ezerért | ezrekért |
| translative | ezerré | ezrekké |
| terminative | ezerig | ezrekig |
| essive-formal | ezerként | ezrekként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | ezerben | ezrekben |
| superessive | ezren | ezreken |
| adessive | ezernél | ezreknél |
| illative | ezerbe | ezrekbe |
| sublative | ezerre | ezrekre |
| allative | ezerhez | ezrekhez |
| elative | ezerből | ezrekből |
| delative | ezerről | ezrekről |
| ablative | ezertől | ezrektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
ezeré | ezreké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
ezeréi | ezrekéi |
| Possessive forms of ezer | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | ezrem | ezreim |
| 2nd person sing. | ezred | ezreid |
| 3rd person sing. | ezre | ezrei |
| 1st person plural | ezrünk | ezreink |
| 2nd person plural | ezretek | ezreitek |
| 3rd person plural | ezrük | ezreik |
Derived terms
(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
ezermilliós, ezermilliárdos, ezerbilliós; ezerméteres, ezerkilós, ezergrammos, ezertonnás, ezerliteres; ezerwattos, ezeramperes; ezernapi, ezernapos, ezerhetes, ezerheti, ezeréves, ezerévi; ezeróránként, ezernaponta, ezernaponként, ezerévente, ezerévenként; ezerfokos, ezerfokú, ezerirányú, ezeroldalas, ezeroldalú, ezerkötetes, ezerdimenziós, ezerszázalékos, ezerkerekű, ezerfős, ezerfőnyi, ezernyelvű, ezertagú, ezerelemű, ezerrészes, ezeremeletes, ezerrétegű, ezerszintes, ezerablakos, ezerajtós, ezerüléses, ezerjegyű, ezerpontos, ezerszavas, ezerbetűs, ezersoros; ezerforintos, ezerdolláros, ezereurós; ezerlábú, ezerágú, ezerfejű, ezerkezű, ezerkarú, ezerszemű, ezerfülű, ezerlevelű.
References
- ezer in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ezer in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- ezer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ezer in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)