dla
Ladin
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *dьľa, *děľa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dla/
Further reading
- Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “dla”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
- Starosta, Manfred (1999) “dla”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old Polish
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьľa, *děľa. First attested in 1366.
Postposition
dla [+genitive]
- because of
- Synonym: ku
- 1884, “Die Magdeburger Urtheile. Ein Deutschen Rechtes in polnischer Sprache aus der Mitte des XV Jahrhunderts”, in Aleksander Brückner, editor, Archiv für slavische Philologie, volume VII, page 560:
- A nye chczą tho odpusczycz any dla laszky, any dla zalosczy, any szamych mogych vsth dla, any sządne rzeczy dla
- [A nie chcę to odpuścić ani dla łaski ani dla żałości, ani samych mojich ust dla, ani żadne rzeczy dla]
- on account of
- 1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 245:
- Blogoslawyeny, gysch czyrpyą przeczywnoscz... prze sprawyedliwoscz, tho gest prze caliszdą dobrocz boga dla vczinyoną
- [Błogosławieni, jiż cirpią przeciwność... prze sprawiedliwość, to jest prze kaliżdą dobroć Boga dla uczynioną]
- as, in the role of
- 1868 [1437], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego, volume XI, page 117:
- Nobilis Fridricus... Hedwigi, sue consorti carissime, racione dotis et dotalicii al. possagu dlya y wyena trecentas marcas... inscribit
- [Nobilis Fridricus... Hedwigi, sue consorti carissime, racione dotis et dotalicii al. posagu dla i wiena trecentas marcas... inscribit]
- for, benefitting
- 1937 [15th century], Józef Birkenmajer, editor, Bogarodzica dziewica. Analiza tekstu, treści i formy, numbers B–F, Krakow, Warsaw, Częstochowa, Cieszyn, Sandomierz, Płock:
- Czebye dla, czlowecze, dal bog przeklocz szobe rancze, nodze obe
- [Ciebie dla, człowiecze, dał Bog przekłoć sobie ręce, nodze obie]
- denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for
- 1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XVI, page 347:
- Vzytkw dla twego comodi more
- [Użytku dla twego comodi more]
Preposition
dla [+genitive]
- because of
- 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 8:
- Strona trzikrocz wezwana, nye bandzeli kv prawv, kgdi sandza iakobi wstacz chczal, dlya nyestanya ma bicz skazana (ob contumaciam condemnetur)
- [Strona trzykroć wezwana nie będzieli ku prawu, gdy sędzia jakoby wstać chciał, dla niestania ma być skazana (ob contumaciam condemnetur)]
- 1892 [1484], Hieronim Łopaciński, editor, Reguła trzeciego zakonu św. Franciszka i drobniejsze zabytki języka polskiego z końca w. XV i początku XVI, Krakow, page 717:
- Ma... zmoviczi trzy paczierze dla onego, yze thak nyeopatrznye... przysyągal (propter incaute facta huiusmodi iuramenta)
- [Ma... zmowić trzy pacierze dla onego, iże tak nieopatrznie... przysięgał (propter incaute facta huiusmodi iuramenta)]
- on account of
- as, in the role of
- for, benefitting
- 1880 [Fifteenth century], Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume I, page 151:
- Day my czyalo szyna tvego, bosz go szeslal dla mnye grzesznego
- [Daj mi ciało Syna twego, boś go zesłał dla mnie grzesznego]
- denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for
- 1874-1891 [Fifteenth century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 241:
- Tha czistoscz nycz ginego nye gest, geno czyala y dusche czaloscz ot zmazanya dla mylosczy bozey otrzimanya
- [Ta czystość nic jinego nie jest, jeno ciała i dusze całość ot zmazania dla miłości bożej otrzymania]
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dьlja,[1] from Proto-Slavic *dьlь. First attested in 1462.
References
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “DLA III”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “1. dla”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “2. dla”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish dla, from Proto-Slavic *dьľa, *děľa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dla/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈdlɒ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -a
- Syllabification: dla
Preposition
dla [+genitive]
- for (intended to belong to)
- Zrobiłem dla ciebie kanapkę. ― I made a sandwich for you.
- Reszta dla pana. ― Keep the change. (literally, “The rest to you.”)
- for, in aid of (intended to benefit, cure, support, etc.)
- Palenie tytoniu jest bardzo szkodliwe dla zdrowia. ― Smoking tobacco is very bad for one's health.
- Ta wyspa to rezerwat dla ptaków. ― This island is a reserve for birds.
- for (in return for)
- Robię to tylko dla zabawy. ― I'm just doing it for fun.
- to
- Jaki był wynik? 1:0 dla Polski! ― What was the score? 1:0 to Poland!
- (colloquial) for the sake of
- Nie chcę brać ślubu dla ślubu. ― I don't want to marry for the sake of it.
- for (according to, in the opinion of)
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dla is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 293 times in scientific texts, 325 times in news, 339 times in essays, 195 times in fiction, and 209 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1361 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
- Ida Kurcz (1990) “dla”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 74
Further reading
- dla in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- dla in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “dla”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “DLA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 19.07.2008
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “dla”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “dla”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “dla”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 458
- dla in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Xhosa
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ́a.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɮa/
Verb
-dlá
Inflection
Tone H | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukudla | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukudla | ukungadli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | yidla | -dle | |||||||
Plural | yidlani | -dleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyadla, ngidla | engidlayo, engidla | ngidla | angidli | engingadli | ngingadli | |||
2nd singular | uyadla, udla | odlayo, odla | udla | awudli | ongadli | ungadli | |||
1st plural | siyadla, sidla | esidlayo, esidla | sidla | asidli | esingadli | singadli | |||
2nd plural | niyadla, nidla | enidlayo, enidla | nidla | anidli | eningadli | ningadli | |||
Class 1 | uyadla, udla | odlayo, odla | edla | akadli | ongadli | engadli | |||
Class 2 | bayadla, badla | abadlayo, abadla | bedla | abadli | abangadli | bengadli | |||
Class 3 | uyadla, udla | odlayo, odla | udla | awudli | ongadli | ungadli | |||
Class 4 | iyadla, idla | edlayo, edla | idla | ayidli | engadli | ingadli | |||
Class 5 | liyadla, lidla | elidlayo, elidla | lidla | alidli | elingadli | lingadli | |||
Class 6 | ayadla, adla | adlayo, adla | edla | awadli | angadli | engadli | |||
Class 7 | siyadla, sidla | esidlayo, esidla | sidla | asidli | esingadli | singadli | |||
Class 8 | ziyadla, zidla | ezidlayo, ezidla | zidla | azidli | ezingadli | zingadli | |||
Class 9 | iyadla, idla | edlayo, edla | idla | ayidli | engadli | ingadli | |||
Class 10 | ziyadla, zidla | ezidlayo, ezidla | zidla | azidli | ezingadli | zingadli | |||
Class 11 | luyadla, ludla | oludlayo, oludla | ludla | aludli | olungadli | lungadli | |||
Class 14 | buyadla, budla | obudlayo, obudla | budla | abudli | obungadli | bungadli | |||
Class 15 | kuyadla, kudla | okudlayo, okudla | kudla | akudli | okungadli | kungadli | |||
Class 17 | kuyadla, kudla | okudlayo, okudla | kudla | akudli | okungadli | kungadli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngidlile, ngidlē | engidlile, engidlē | ngidlile, ngidlē | angidlanga | engingadlanga | ngingadlanga | |||
2nd singular | udlile, udlē | odlile, odlē | udlile, udlē | awudlanga | ongadlanga | ungadlanga | |||
1st plural | sidlile, sidlē | esidlile, esidlē | sidlile, sidlē | asidlanga | esingadlanga | singadlanga | |||
2nd plural | nidlile, nidlē | enidlile, enidlē | nidlile, nidlē | anidlanga | eningadlanga | ningadlanga | |||
Class 1 | udlile, udlē | odlile, odlē | edlile, edlē | akadlanga | ongadlanga | engadlanga | |||
Class 2 | badlile, badlē | abadlile, abadlē | bedlile, bedlē | abadlanga | abangadlanga | bengadlanga | |||
Class 3 | udlile, udlē | odlile, odlē | udlile, udlē | awudlanga | ongadlanga | ungadlanga | |||
Class 4 | idlile, idlē | edlile, edlē | idlile, idlē | ayidlanga | engadlanga | ingadlanga | |||
Class 5 | lidlile, lidlē | elidlile, elidlē | lidlile, lidlē | alidlanga | elingadlanga | lingadlanga | |||
Class 6 | adlile, adlē | adlile, adlē | edlile, edlē | awadlanga | angadlanga | engadlanga | |||
Class 7 | sidlile, sidlē | esidlile, esidlē | sidlile, sidlē | asidlanga | esingadlanga | singadlanga | |||
Class 8 | zidlile, zidlē | ezidlile, ezidlē | zidlile, zidlē | azidlanga | ezingadlanga | zingadlanga | |||
Class 9 | idlile, idlē | edlile, edlē | idlile, idlē | ayidlanga | engadlanga | ingadlanga | |||
Class 10 | zidlile, zidlē | ezidlile, ezidlē | zidlile, zidlē | azidlanga | ezingadlanga | zingadlanga | |||
Class 11 | ludlile, ludlē | oludlile, oludlē | ludlile, ludlē | aludlanga | olungadlanga | lungadlanga | |||
Class 14 | budlile, budlē | obudlile, obudlē | budlile, budlē | abudlanga | obungadlanga | bungadlanga | |||
Class 15 | kudlile, kudlē | okudlile, okudlē | kudlile, kudlē | akudlanga | okungadlanga | kungadlanga | |||
Class 17 | kudlile, kudlē | okudlile, okudlē | kudlile, kudlē | akudlanga | okungadlanga | kungadlanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngādla | engādla | ngādla | angidlanga | engingadlanga | ngingadlanga | |||
2nd singular | wādla | owādla | wādla | awudlanga | ongadlanga | ungadlanga | |||
1st plural | sādla | esādla | sādla | asidlanga | esingadlanga | singadlanga | |||
2nd plural | nādla | enādla | nādla | anidlanga | eningadlanga | ningadlanga | |||
Class 1 | wādla | owādla | ādla | akadlanga | ongadlanga | engadlanga | |||
Class 2 | bādla | abādla | bādla | abadlanga | abangadlanga | bengadlanga | |||
Class 3 | wādla | owādla | wādla | awudlanga | ongadlanga | ungadlanga | |||
Class 4 | yādla | eyādla | yādla | ayidlanga | engadlanga | ingadlanga | |||
Class 5 | lādla | elādla | lādla | alidlanga | elingadlanga | lingadlanga | |||
Class 6 | ādla | ādla | ādla | awadlanga | angadlanga | engadlanga | |||
Class 7 | sādla | esādla | sādla | asidlanga | esingadlanga | singadlanga | |||
Class 8 | zādla | ezādla | zādla | azidlanga | ezingadlanga | zingadlanga | |||
Class 9 | yādla | eyādla | yādla | ayidlanga | engadlanga | ingadlanga | |||
Class 10 | zādla | ezādla | zādla | azidlanga | ezingadlanga | zingadlanga | |||
Class 11 | lwādla | olwādla | lwādla | aludlanga | olungadlanga | lungadlanga | |||
Class 14 | bādla | obādla | bādla | abudlanga | obungadlanga | bungadlanga | |||
Class 15 | kwādla | okwādla | kwādla | akudlanga | okungadlanga | kungadlanga | |||
Class 17 | kwādla | okwādla | kwādla | akudlanga | okungadlanga | kungadlanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingadla | — | ngingadla | ngingedle | — | ngingedle | |||
2nd singular | ungadla | — | ungadla | ungedle | — | ungedle | |||
1st plural | singadla | — | singadla | singedle | — | singedle | |||
2nd plural | ningadla | — | ningadla | ningedle | — | ningedle | |||
Class 1 | angadla | — | engadla | angedle | — | engedle | |||
Class 2 | bangadla | — | bengadla | bangedle | — | bengedle | |||
Class 3 | ungadla | — | ungadla | ungedle | — | ungedle | |||
Class 4 | ingadla | — | ingadla | ingedle | — | ingedle | |||
Class 5 | lingadla | — | lingadla | lingedle | — | lingedle | |||
Class 6 | angadla | — | engadla | angedle | — | engedle | |||
Class 7 | singadla | — | singadla | singedle | — | singedle | |||
Class 8 | zingadla | — | zingadla | zingedle | — | zingedle | |||
Class 9 | ingadla | — | ingadla | ingedle | — | ingedle | |||
Class 10 | zingadla | — | zingadla | zingedle | — | zingedle | |||
Class 11 | lungadla | — | lungadla | lungedle | — | lungedle | |||
Class 14 | bungadla | — | bungadla | bungedle | — | bungedle | |||
Class 15 | kungadla | — | kungadla | kungedle | — | kungedle | |||
Class 17 | kungadla | — | kungadla | kungedle | — | kungedle | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizokudla | engizokudla | ngizokudla | angizukudla | engingezukudla | ngingezukudla | |||
2nd singular | uzokudla | ozokudla | uzokudla | awuzukudla | ongezukudla | ungezukudla | |||
1st plural | sizokudla | esizokudla | sizokudla | asizukudla | esingezukudla | singezukudla | |||
2nd plural | nizokudla | enizokudla | nizokudla | anizukudla | eningezukudla | ningezukudla | |||
Class 1 | uzokudla | ozokudla | ezokudla | akazukudla | ongezukudla | engezukudla | |||
Class 2 | bazokudla | abazokudla | bezokudla | abazukudla | abangezukudla | bengezukudla | |||
Class 3 | uzokudla | ozokudla | uzokudla | awuzukudla | ongezukudla | ungezukudla | |||
Class 4 | izokudla | ezokudla | izokudla | ayizukudla | engezukudla | ingezukudla | |||
Class 5 | lizokudla | elizokudla | lizokudla | alizukudla | elingezukudla | lingezukudla | |||
Class 6 | azokudla | azokudla | ezokudla | awazukudla | angezukudla | engezukudla | |||
Class 7 | sizokudla | esizokudla | sizokudla | asizukudla | esingezukudla | singezukudla | |||
Class 8 | zizokudla | ezizokudla | zizokudla | azizukudla | ezingezukudla | zingezukudla | |||
Class 9 | izokudla | ezokudla | izokudla | ayizukudla | engezukudla | ingezukudla | |||
Class 10 | zizokudla | ezizokudla | zizokudla | azizukudla | ezingezukudla | zingezukudla | |||
Class 11 | luzokudla | oluzokudla | luzokudla | aluzukudla | olungezukudla | lungezukudla | |||
Class 14 | buzokudla | obuzokudla | buzokudla | abuzukudla | obungezukudla | bungezukudla | |||
Class 15 | kuzokudla | okuzokudla | kuzokudla | akuzukudla | okungezukudla | kungezukudla | |||
Class 17 | kuzokudla | okuzokudla | kuzokudla | akuzukudla | okungezukudla | kungezukudla | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyokudla | engiyokudla | ngiyokudla | angiyukudla | engingeyukudla | ngingeyukudla | |||
2nd singular | uyokudla | oyokudla | uyokudla | awuyukudla | ongeyukudla | ungeyukudla | |||
1st plural | siyokudla | esiyokudla | siyokudla | asiyukudla | esingeyukudla | singeyukudla | |||
2nd plural | niyokudla | eniyokudla | niyokudla | aniyukudla | eningeyukudla | ningeyukudla | |||
Class 1 | uyokudla | oyokudla | eyokudla | akayukudla | ongeyukudla | engeyukudla | |||
Class 2 | bayokudla | abayokudla | beyokudla | abayukudla | abangeyukudla | bengeyukudla | |||
Class 3 | uyokudla | oyokudla | uyokudla | awuyukudla | ongeyukudla | ungeyukudla | |||
Class 4 | iyokudla | eyokudla | iyokudla | ayiyukudla | engeyukudla | ingeyukudla | |||
Class 5 | liyokudla | eliyokudla | liyokudla | aliyukudla | elingeyukudla | lingeyukudla | |||
Class 6 | ayokudla | ayokudla | eyokudla | awayukudla | angeyukudla | engeyukudla | |||
Class 7 | siyokudla | esiyokudla | siyokudla | asiyukudla | esingeyukudla | singeyukudla | |||
Class 8 | ziyokudla | eziyokudla | ziyokudla | aziyukudla | ezingeyukudla | zingeyukudla | |||
Class 9 | iyokudla | eyokudla | iyokudla | ayiyukudla | engeyukudla | ingeyukudla | |||
Class 10 | ziyokudla | eziyokudla | ziyokudla | aziyukudla | ezingeyukudla | zingeyukudla | |||
Class 11 | luyokudla | oluyokudla | luyokudla | aluyukudla | olungeyukudla | lungeyukudla | |||
Class 14 | buyokudla | obuyokudla | buyokudla | abuyukudla | obungeyukudla | bungeyukudla | |||
Class 15 | kuyokudla | okuyokudla | kuyokudla | akuyukudla | okungeyukudla | kungeyukudla | |||
Class 17 | kuyokudla | okuyokudla | kuyokudla | akuyukudla | okungeyukudla | kungeyukudla | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngidle | ngingadli | |||||||
2nd singular | udle | ungadli | |||||||
1st plural | sidle | singadli | |||||||
2nd plural | nidle | ningadli | |||||||
Class 1 | adle | angadli | |||||||
Class 2 | badle | bangadli | |||||||
Class 3 | udle | ungadli | |||||||
Class 4 | idle | ingadli | |||||||
Class 5 | lidle | lingadli | |||||||
Class 6 | adle | angadli | |||||||
Class 7 | sidle | singadli | |||||||
Class 8 | zidle | zingadli | |||||||
Class 9 | idle | ingadli | |||||||
Class 10 | zidle | zingadli | |||||||
Class 11 | ludle | lungadli | |||||||
Class 14 | budle | bungadli | |||||||
Class 15 | kudle | kungadli | |||||||
Class 17 | kudle | kungadli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngadla | ngangadla, angadla, angangadla | |||||||
2nd singular | wadla | wangadla, awadla, awangadla | |||||||
1st plural | sadla | sangadla, asadla, asangadla | |||||||
2nd plural | nadla | nangadla, anadla, anangadla | |||||||
Class 1 | wadla | wangadla, akadla, akangadla | |||||||
Class 2 | badla | bangadla, abadla, abangadla | |||||||
Class 3 | wadla | wangadla, awadla, awangadla | |||||||
Class 4 | yadla | yangadla, ayadla, ayangadla | |||||||
Class 5 | ladla | langadla, aladla, alangadla | |||||||
Class 6 | adla | angadla, awadla, awangadla | |||||||
Class 7 | sadla | sangadla, asadla, asangadla | |||||||
Class 8 | zadla | zangadla, azadla, azangadla | |||||||
Class 9 | yadla | yangadla, ayadla, ayangadla | |||||||
Class 10 | zadla | zangadla, azadla, azangadla | |||||||
Class 11 | lwadla | lwangadla, alwadla, alwangadla | |||||||
Class 14 | badla | bangadla, abadla, abangadla | |||||||
Class 15 | kwadla | kwangadla, akwadla, akwangadla | |||||||
Class 17 | kwadla | kwangadla, akwadla, akwangadla |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “dla”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “dla (imper. yidla, 6.3)”