derb

See also: derb-

German

Alternative forms
  • derbe (chiefly colloquial)

Etymology

From a Low German merger of two unrelated adjectives: (1.) Old Saxon therbi (“unleavened”), from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz; and (2.) Old Saxon derbi (“coarse, warlike”). Both regularly collapsed in Middle Low German derve (“firm, bold”). Older High German had only the former of the two adjectives and lacked the other: Middle High German derp (“unleavened”), from Old High German derb (“unleavened”). The modern word is formally High German, but its semantic development has been determined by the Middle Low German one. (The original sense “unleavened” is last met with in the 18th century.)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /dɛʁp/, [dɛʁp], [dɛɐ̯p]
  • Audio(file)
  • Audio (Austria)(file)

Adjective

derb (strong nominative masculine singular derber, comparative derber, superlative am derbsten)

  1. rough, coarse, rude
  2. sturdy, tough
  3. (lexicography, literature, sociography) pertaining to a manner of intercourse that is wittingly aggressive, purposefully unrefined – cocky, cheeky, flippant, brazen

Declension
Positive forms of derb
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist derb sie ist derb es ist derb sie sind derb
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative derber derbe derbes derbe
genitive derben derber derben derber
dative derbem derber derbem derben
accusative derben derbe derbes derbe
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der derbe die derbe das derbe die derben
genitive des derben der derben des derben der derben
dative dem derben der derben dem derben den derben
accusative den derben die derbe das derbe die derben
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein derber eine derbe ein derbes (keine) derben
genitive eines derben einer derben eines derben (keiner) derben
dative einem derben einer derben einem derben (keinen) derben
accusative einen derben eine derbe ein derbes (keine) derben
Comparative forms of derb
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist derber sie ist derber es ist derber sie sind derber
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative derberer derbere derberes derbere
genitive derberen derberer derberen derberer
dative derberem derberer derberem derberen
accusative derberen derbere derberes derbere
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der derbere die derbere das derbere die derberen
genitive des derberen der derberen des derberen der derberen
dative dem derberen der derberen dem derberen den derberen
accusative den derberen die derbere das derbere die derberen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein derberer eine derbere ein derberes (keine) derberen
genitive eines derberen einer derberen eines derberen (keiner) derberen
dative einem derberen einer derberen einem derberen (keinen) derberen
accusative einen derberen eine derbere ein derberes (keine) derberen
Superlative forms of derb
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am derbsten sie ist am derbsten es ist am derbsten sie sind am derbsten
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative derbster derbste derbstes derbste
genitive derbsten derbster derbsten derbster
dative derbstem derbster derbstem derbsten
accusative derbsten derbste derbstes derbste
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der derbste die derbste das derbste die derbsten
genitive des derbsten der derbsten des derbsten der derbsten
dative dem derbsten der derbsten dem derbsten den derbsten
accusative den derbsten die derbste das derbste die derbsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein derbster eine derbste ein derbstes (keine) derbsten
genitive eines derbsten einer derbsten eines derbsten (keiner) derbsten
dative einem derbsten einer derbsten einem derbsten (keinen) derbsten
accusative einen derbsten eine derbste ein derbstes (keine) derbsten

Further reading
  • “derb” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “derb” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “derb” in Duden online

Old High German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *þerbaz. Cognate with Old English þeorf (English tharf), Middle Dutch derf (Dutch derf), Old Norse þjarfr.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /derb/

Adjective

derb

  1. unleavened

Descendants
  • Middle High German: derp

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *derwos (“firm”), from Proto-Indo-European *drewh₂- (“steady, firm”), extension of *dóru (“tree”). Compare Old English trīewe, English true.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /dʲerv/

Adjective

derb (comparative derbu)

  1. sure, certain, fixed, determinate
    • c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26a6
      ɔ eperthae cía aiccent ⁊ cisí aimser derb thechtas
      so that it might be said what accent and what certain time it has

Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative derb derb derb
Vocative deirb*
derb**
Accusative derb deirb
Genitive deirb deirbe deirb
Dative derb deirb derb
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative deirb derba
Vocative derbu
derba†
Accusative derbu
derba†
Genitive derb
Dative derbaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
derb derb
pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/		 nderb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
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