cloch

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloch,[1] from Proto-Celtic *klukā (compare Welsh clog).

Pronunciation

Noun

cloch f (genitive singular cloiche, nominative plural clocha)

  1. stone (substance; small piece of stone; central part of some fruits, consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer)
  2. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
  3. (anatomy) testicle
    Synonyms: caid, magairle, úirí
  4. stone (unit of mass)
    Synonym: cloch mheáchain

Declension
Declension of cloch

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative cloch clocha
Vocative a chloch a chlocha
Genitive cloiche cloch
Dative cloch
cloich (archaic, dialectal)		 clocha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an chloch na clocha
Genitive na cloiche na gcloch
Dative leis an gcloch
leis an gcloich (archaic, dialectal)

don chloch
don chloich (archaic, dialectal)

 leis na clocha

Derived terms
  • binse cloiche m (“rock shelf”)
  • cloch adhmainte f (“lodestone”)
  • cloch altóra f (“altar-stone”)
  • cloch ancaire f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch aoil f (“limestone”)
  • cloch bhoinn f (“foundation stone”)
  • cloch bhró f (“millstone”)
  • cloch bhua f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch chairéil f (“quarry-stone”)
  • cloch cheangail f (“bond-stone”)
  • cloch chinn f (“headstone”)
  • cloch choirnéil f (“corner-stone”)
  • cloch chora f (“stepping-stone”)
  • cloch chormaic f (“(type of) granite”)
  • cloch chúinne f (“corner-stone”)
  • cloch chumaisc f (“pudding-stone”)
  • cloch dhín f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch dhomlais f (“gall-stone”)
  • cloch dhuáin f (“kidney-stone”)
  • cloch dhuirlinge f (“cobble-stone”)
  • cloch eibhir f (“granite”)
  • cloch fhaobhair f (“whetstone, hone”)
  • cloch fhorbháis f (“perched stone”)
  • cloch ghabhála f (“fulcrum (stone)”)
  • cloch ghainimh f (“sandstone”)
  • cloch ghallúnaí f (“soap-stone”)
  • cloch ghlas f (“greenstone; whinstone”)
  • cloch ghorm f (“blue-stone”)
  • cloch ghreama f (“bond-stone”)
  • cloch ghréine f (“quartz”)
  • cloch ghualainne f (“heavy casting-stone”)
  • cloch líofa f (“whetstone, hone”)
  • cloch lómhar f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch luachmhar f (“precious stone”)
  • cloch mhíle f (“milestone”)
  • cloch mhuilinn f (“millstone”)
  • cloch mhullaigh f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch nirt f (“heavy casting-stone”)
  • cloch phaidrín f (“bead of rosary”)
  • cloch phluma f (“plum-stone”)
  • cloch phréacháin f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch reatha f (“rolling stone”)
  • cloch róid f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch scáil f (“quartz”)
  • cloch sceimhil f (“drip-stone”)
  • cloch shalainn f (“rock salt”)
  • cloch shileáin f (“drip-stone”)
  • cloch shilín f (“cherry-stone”)
  • cloch shneachta f (“hailstone”)
  • cloch shópa f (“soap-stone”)
  • cloch speile f (“scythe-stone”)
  • cloch spideoige f (“cope-stone”)
  • cloch tharraingthe f (“light casting-stone”)
  • cloch theampaill f (“taciturn person”)
  • cloch théide f (“anchor stone”)
  • cloch theorann f (“boundary stone”)
  • cloch thine f (“flint”)
  • cloch uasal f (“precious stone”)
  • clocha briste f pl (“road-metal”)
  • clocha cóirithe f pl (“ashlars”)
  • clocha fuail f pl (“gravel”)
  • clocha saoirseachta f pl (“building-stones”)
  • Na Clocha Liatha (“Greystones”)
  • obair chloiche f (“stone-work”)
  • órchloch f (“philosopher’s stone”)

Verb

cloch (present analytic clochann, future analytic clochfaidh, verbal noun clochadh, past participle clochta)

  1. (transitive) stone

Conjugation
conjugation of cloch (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present clochaim clochann tú;
clochair†		 clochann sé, sí clochaimid clochann sibh clochann siad;
clochaid†		 a chlochann; a chlochas /
a gclochann*; a gclochas*		 clochtar
past chloch mé; chlochas chloch tú; chlochais chloch sé, sí chlochamar; chloch muid chloch sibh; chlochabhair chloch siad; chlochadar a chloch /
ar chloch*		 clochadh
past habitual chlochainn / gclochainn‡‡ chlochtá / gclochtᇇ chlochadh sé, sí / gclochadh sé, s퇇 chlochaimis; chlochadh muid / gclochaimis‡‡; gclochadh muid‡‡ chlochadh sibh / gclochadh sibh‡‡ chlochaidís; chlochadh siad / gclochaidís‡‡; gclochadh siad‡‡ a chlochadh /
a gclochadh*		 chlochtaí / gclochta퇇
future clochfaidh mé;
clochfad		 clochfaidh tú;
clochfair†		 clochfaidh sé, sí clochfaimid;
clochfaidh muid		 clochfaidh sibh clochfaidh siad;
clochfaid†		 a chlochfaidh; a chlochfas /
a gclochfaidh*; a gclochfas*		 clochfar
conditional chlochfainn / gclochfainn‡‡ chlochfá / gclochfᇇ chlochfadh sé, sí / gclochfadh sé, s퇇 chlochfaimis; chlochfadh muid / gclochfaimis‡‡; gclochfadh muid‡‡ chlochfadh sibh / gclochfadh sibh‡‡ chlochfaidís; chlochfadh siad / gclochfaidís‡‡; gclochfadh siad‡‡ a chlochfadh /
a gclochfadh*		 chlochfaí / gclochfa퇇
subjunctive present go gclocha mé;
go gclochad†		 go gclocha tú;
go gclochair†		 go gclocha sé, sí go gclochaimid;
go gclocha muid		 go gclocha sibh go gclocha siad;
go gclochaid†		 — go gclochtar
past dá gclochainn dá gclochtá dá gclochadh sé, sí dá gclochaimis;
dá gclochadh muid		 dá gclochadh sibh dá gclochaidís;
dá gclochadh siad		 — dá gclochtaí
imperative clochaim cloch clochadh sé, sí clochaimis clochaigí;
clochaidh†		 clochaidís — clochtar
verbal noun clochadh
past participle clochta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Descendants
  • → Yola: clouk, klouk

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
cloch chloch gcloch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cloch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 159, page 81
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 149, page 58

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cloch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “cloch” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “cloch” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *klukā (“stone”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /klox/

Noun

cloch f

  1. stone, rock
  2. stone (as material)
  3. precious stone, gem
  4. (Christianity) bead (in a rosary)
  5. something built of stone, castle, fortress, stronghold

Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative clochL cloichL clochaH
Vocative clochL cloichL clochaH
Accusative cloichN cloichL clochaH
Genitive cloicheH clochL clochN
Dative cloichL clochaib clochaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms
  • clochach (“stony, rocky”, adjective)
  • clochaid (“stones; covers with stones”, verb)
  • clochamail (“stony, unyielding”, adjective)
  • clochán m (“paved road or causeway”)
  • clochar m (“stony place”)
  • clochda (“made of stone, stony”, adjective)

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
cloch chloch cloch
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Spanish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈklot͡ʃ/ [ˈklot͡ʃ]
  • Rhymes: -otʃ
  • Syllabification: cloch

Noun

cloch m (plural cloches)

  1. Alternative form of cloche

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”) (compare Cornish clogh, Breton kloc'h, Old Irish cloc, Irish clog), of onomatopoeic origin. Doublet of cloc (“clock”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kloːχ/
  • Rhymes: -oːχ

Noun

cloch f (plural clych or clychau or clochau)

  1. bell
    1. (figuratively) someone who praises or proclaims
    2. (figuratively) bell-shaped object, especially bubble
    3. (figuratively) bell-like sound or noise, vociferation
  2. prize, feat
  3. o'clock, of the clock
    Synonym: o'r gloch

Derived terms
  • cloch aberth (“sacring bell”)
  • cloch adarwr (“low-bell, bell used in fowling at night”)
  • cloch Afi (“Avel-bell”)
  • cloch angladd (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch alarwm (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
  • cloch alw (“alarm-bell, call-bell; Sanctus bell”)
  • cloch (ar) ddwfr (“bubble”)
  • cloch babis (“harebell”)
  • cloch bach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
  • cloch Bangor (“harebell”)
  • cloch bugail (“harebell”)
  • cloch dân (“fire-alarm”)
  • cloch drydan (“electric bell”)
  • cloch dyn marw (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch enaid (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch Enid (“lily of the valley, May-lily”)
  • cloch fach (“sanctus bell”, literally “little bell”)
  • cloch fach yn y glust (“a ringing or tingling in the ear”, literally “a little bell in the ear”)
  • cloch ginio (“dinner-bell”)
  • cloch glaw (“raindrop”)
  • cloch gnùl (“passing bell, death bell”)
  • cloch hwyrol (“curfew bell”)
  • cloch iâ (“icicle”)
  • cloch las (“bluebell”)
  • cloch las (“harebell”)
  • cloch law (“hand-bell”)
  • cloch Llundain (“Canterbury bells, bellflowers, throatwort”)
  • cloch maban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch offeren (“sacring bell”)
  • cloch osber (“vesper bell”)
  • cloch rybudd (“alarm bell, warning bell”)
  • cloch soddi (“diving-bell”)
  • cloch suddo (“diving-bell”)
  • cloch tawch (“fog-bell”)
  • cloch wasanaeth (“church bell”)
  • cloch (y) baban (“snowdrop”)
  • cloch (y) drws (“door-bell”)
  • cloch y ffair (“bell rung to announce the commencement of a fair or market”)
  • cloch y gog (“bluebell”)
  • cloch y llan (“church bell”)
  • cloch y march (“yellow rattle”)
  • cloch y perthi (“Canterbury bells, hedge-bells, hedge-bindweed”)
  • cloch y tylwyth teg (“bluebell”)
  • cloch y tylwyth teg (“harebell”)
  • cloch yr eglwys (“church bell”)
  • cloch (yr) eos (“harebell”)
  • cloch yr ymadrodd (“uvula, epiglottis”)
  • clych y cerrig (“cup-lichen, cup-moss”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
cloch gloch nghloch chloch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cloch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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