breac
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted; trout”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos. Cognate with Breton breac’h and Welsh brych.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʲɾʲak/
Adjective
breac (genitive singular masculine bric, genitive singular feminine brice, plural breaca, comparative brice)
Declension
Declension of breac
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | breac | bhreac | breaca; bhreaca² | |
Vocative | bhric | breaca | ||
Genitive | brice | breaca | breac | |
Dative | breac; bhreac¹ |
bhreac; bhric (archaic) |
breaca; bhreaca² | |
Comparative | níos brice | |||
Superlative | is brice |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- alabhreac (“piebald; pied”, adjective)
- bairín breac m (“barmbrack”)
- capall alabhreac m (“pinto”)
- iarnbhreac (“ironshot”, adjective)
Verb
breac (present analytic breacann, future analytic breacfaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breactha)
- to speckle
Conjugation
conjugation of breac (first conjugation – A)
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | breacaim | breacann tú; breacair† |
breacann sé, sí | breacaimid | breacann sibh | breacann siad; breacaid† |
a bhreacann; a bhreacas / a mbreacann*; a mbreacas* |
breactar |
past | bhreac mé; bhreacas | bhreac tú; bhreacais | bhreac sé, sí | bhreacamar; bhreac muid | bhreac sibh; bhreacabhair | bhreac siad; bhreacadar | a bhreac / ar bhreac* |
breacadh | |
past habitual | bhreacainn / mbreacainn‡‡ | bhreactá / mbreactᇇ | bhreacadh sé, sí / mbreacadh sé, s퇇 | bhreacaimis; bhreacadh muid / mbreacaimis‡‡; mbreacadh muid‡‡ | bhreacadh sibh / mbreacadh sibh‡‡ | bhreacaidís; bhreacadh siad / mbreacaidís‡‡; mbreacadh siad‡‡ | a bhreacadh / a mbreacadh* |
bhreactaí / mbreacta퇇 | |
future | breacfaidh mé; breacfad |
breacfaidh tú; breacfair† |
breacfaidh sé, sí | breacfaimid; breacfaidh muid |
breacfaidh sibh | breacfaidh siad; breacfaid† |
a bhreacfaidh; a bhreacfas / a mbreacfaidh*; a mbreacfas* |
breacfar | |
conditional | bhreacfainn / mbreacfainn‡‡ | bhreacfá / mbreacfᇇ | bhreacfadh sé, sí / mbreacfadh sé, s퇇 | bhreacfaimis; bhreacfadh muid / mbreacfaimis‡‡; mbreacfadh muid‡‡ | bhreacfadh sibh / mbreacfadh sibh‡‡ | bhreacfaidís; bhreacfadh siad / mbreacfaidís‡‡; mbreacfadh siad‡‡ | a bhreacfadh / a mbreacfadh* |
bhreacfaí / mbreacfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go mbreaca mé; go mbreacad† |
go mbreaca tú; go mbreacair† |
go mbreaca sé, sí | go mbreacaimid; go mbreaca muid |
go mbreaca sibh | go mbreaca siad; go mbreacaid† |
— | go mbreactar |
past | dá mbreacainn | dá mbreactá | dá mbreacadh sé, sí | dá mbreacaimis; dá mbreacadh muid |
dá mbreacadh sibh | dá mbreacaidís; dá mbreacadh siad |
— | dá mbreactaí | |
imperative | breacaim | breac | breacadh sé, sí | breacaimis | breacaigí; breacaidh† |
breacaidís | — | breactar | |
verbal noun | breacadh | ||||||||
past participle | breactha |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Declension
Declension of breac
Derived terms
- breac donn m (“brown trout”)
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
breac | bhreac | mbreac |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 brecc ‘speckled, spotted’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 brecc ‘speckled, spotted thing; trout’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “breccaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “breac”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 82
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “breac”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 52
- Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 75
Scottish Gaelic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɾʲɛxk/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted, variegated”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos.
Declension
Derived terms
Verb
breac (past bhreac, future breacaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breacte)
Conjugation
Conjugation of breac (regular)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third m/f | first | second | third | |||
independent | past | bhreac mi | bhreac thu | bhreac e/i | bhreac sinn | bhreac sibh | bhreac iad | bhreacadh |
future | breacaidh mi | breacaidh tu | breacaidh e/i | breacaidh sinn | breacaidh sibh | breacaidh iad | breacar breactar | |
conditional | bhreacainn | bhreacadh tu | bhreacadh e/i | bhreacamaid bhreacadh sinn |
bhreacadh sibh | bhreacadh iad | bhreactadh bhreacaist(e)1 | |
negative | past | cha do bhreac mi | cha do bhreac thu | cha do bhreac e/i | cha do bhreac sinn | cha do bhreac sibh | cha do bhreac iad | cha do bhreacadh |
future | cha bhreac mi | cha bhreac thu | cha bhreac e/i | cha bhreac sinn | cha bhreac sibh | cha bhreac iad | cha bhreacar cha bhreactar | |
conditional | cha bhreacainn | cha bhreacadh tu | cha bhreacadh e/i | cha bhreacamaid cha bhreacadh sinn |
cha bhreacadh sibh | cha bhreacadh iad | cha bhreactadh cha bhreacaist(e)1 | |
affirmative interrogative |
past | an do bhreac mi? | an do bhreac thu? | an do bhreac e/i? | an do bhreac sinn? | an do bhreac sibh? | an do bhreac iad? | an do bhreacadh? |
future | am breac mi? | am breac thu? | am breac e/i? | am breac sinn? | am breac sibh? | am breac iad? | am breacar? am breactar? | |
conditional | am breacainn? | am breacadh tu? | am breacadh e/i? | am breacamaid? am breacadh sinn? |
am breacadh sibh? | am breacadh iad? | am breactadh? am breacaist(e)1? | |
negative interrogative |
past | nach do bhreac mi? | nach do bhreac thu? | nach do bhreac e/i? | nach do bhreac sinn? | nach do bhreac sibh? | nach do bhreac iad? | nach do bhreacadh? |
future | nach breac mi? | nach breac thu? | nach breac e/i? | nach breac sinn? | nach breac sibh? | nach breac iad? | nach breacar? nach breactar? | |
conditional | nach breacainn? | nach breacadh tu? | nach breacadh e/i? | nach breacamaid? nach breacadh sinn? |
nach breacadh sibh? | nach breacadh iad? | nach breactadh? nach breacaist(e)1? | |
relative future |
affirmative | (ma) bhreacas mi | (ma) bhreacas thu | (ma) bhreacas e/i | (ma) bhreacas sinn | (ma) bhreacas sibh | (ma) bhreacas iad | (ma) bhreacar |
negative | (mur) breac mi | (mur) breac thu | (mur) breac e/i | (mur) breac sinn | (mur) breac sibh | (mur) breac iad | (mur) breacar (mur) breactar | |
imperative | breacam | breac | breacadh e/i | breacamaid | breacaibh | breacadh iad | breacar breactar | |
stem | breac | |||||||
verbal noun | breacadh | |||||||
past participle | breacta |
Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
breac | bhreac |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Edward Dwelly (1911) “breac”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 brecc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 brecc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.