albus

From Proto-Italic *alβos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elbʰós.

Cognates include Umbrian 𐌀𐌋𐌚𐌖 (alfu), Ancient Greek ἀλφός (alphós, “whiteness, white leprosy”), Hittite 𒀠𒉺𒀸 (alpas, “cloud”), Middle Welsh elbid (“world”), English elf, and Russian ле́бедь (lébedʹ, “swan”).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.bus/, [ˈäɫ̪bʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈal.bus/, [ˈälbus]

albus (feminine alba, neuter album, comparative albior, superlative albissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. white (properly without luster), dull white
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 12.402–403:

     totus pice nigrior atra, candida cauda tamen; color est quoque cruribus albus.

     All blacker than pitch was he, yet white was his tail; his legs were snowy white.

   • p. 830, Nennius, Historia Brittonum, II: 42

     duo vermes in eo sunt, unus albus et unus rufus

     "There are," said he, "two serpents, one white and the other red […] "

2. clear, bright
   • c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 14.80:

     colores vinis quattuor: albus, fulvus, sanguineus, niger.

     There are four colors of wine: white, brown, sanguine, and black.

3. pale, fair, gray, hoary
   • p. 1250, Thomas Aquinas, De ente et essentia

     […] et sic de ipsa aliquid praedicatur per accidens ratione eius, in quo est, sicut dicitur quod homo est albus, quia Socrates est albus, quamvis hoc non conveniat homini in eo quod homo.

     And thus something is accidentally asserted, that is, we say that man is white because Socrates is white, although this does not come about for men because [Socrates] is a man.

4. (figuratively) favorable, fortunate, auspicious, propitious

Latin albus is used primarily to mean "white" that is dull or matte. The word candidus is used primarily for shining whiteness. However, this distinction is not always followed.

First/second-declension adjective.

• (white): albidus, blancus (medieval), candidus, lacteolus
• (clear, bright): limpidus
• (pale, gray): cānus
• (favorable): bonus, favorābilis

• (antonym(s) of “dull white”): āter

• “albus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “albus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• albus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• albus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to record in the official tablets (Annales maximi): in album referre (De Or. 2. 12. 52)
    
• albus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016