Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/fehu

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fehu.

Noun

*fehu n[1]

livestock

Inflection

u-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*fehu
Genitive	*fehō
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*fehu	—
Accusative	*fehu	—
Genitive	*fehō	—
Dative	fihiwi, fehō	—
Instrumental	*fehu	—

Descendants

Old English: feoh, fioh, feh
- Middle English: feh, fe, fee (with Old French)
  - English: fee
  - Scots: fe, fee, fiel
Old Frisian: fia
- Saterland Frisian: Fäi
- West Frisian: fee
Old Saxon: fehu, feho, feu
- Middle Low German: vehe, veh, vê, vie
  - German Low German: Veeh, Veh, Veih n (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch)
    - Plautdietsch: Fee
Old Dutch: fē, fio, fiu
- Middle Dutch: vêe
  - Dutch: vee
    - Afrikaans: vee
    - Negerhollands: vee
  - Limburgish: vieë, vieëch
Old High German: fihu
- Middle High German: vihe, vëhe, vich, viech, vech, vie, vē
  - Alemannic German: Vëh
    Swabian: Viech
  - Bavarian: Viech
    Cimbrian: viighe, biighe
  - East Central German:
    Upper Saxon German: Viech
  - German: Vieh; Viech (with distinction)
  - Luxembourgish: Véi
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Hessian: Veh, Veih, Vieh
    Palatine: Veh, Vieh, Viech
  - Yiddish: פֿיך (fikh)
→ Vulgar Latin: *feus
- Old French: fieu (dated 11th-century) (see there for further descendants)
- Old Occitan: feu
  - Catalan: feu
  - Occitan: fèu
- Medieval Latin: fevum (dated 899, La Garde-Freinet, France)
  - Old French: fief m (dated 13th-century)
    - Middle French: fief
      - French: fief
        → Romanian: fief
      - → English: fief
  - Old French: feffe, feoffe f
    - Middle French: fieffe
    - → Middle English: feffe, feoffe
      - English: feoff
  - ⇒ Medieval Latin: feudum, feodum (see there for further descendants)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 114: “*fehu”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 114: “*fehu”