Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yag-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*yag-

(intransitive) to shower, fall from the sky of rain, snow, hail etc.

Usage notes

The verb requires a noun before it to act as a determiner for what is falling from the sky such as *yagmur (“rain”), *kār (“snow”), *tōlï (“hail”) etc.

Derived terms

⇒ *yag-mïr (“rain”)
⇒ *yag-ïĺ (“rain”)
⇒ *yag-gu (“raincoat”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ҫу (śu)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: yağmaq
Proto-Oghuz:
- West Oghuz:
  - Old Anatolian Turkish:
    - Azerbaijani: yağmaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: یاغمق (yağmak)
      - Turkish: yağmak
      - Gagauz: yağmaa
- East Oghuz:
  - Turkmen: ýagmak
  - Salar: yağ
Karluk:
- Uyghur: ياغماق (yaghmaq)
- Uzbek: yogʻmoq
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: яуыу (yawıw)
  - Tatar: яварга (yawarga)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: yağmaq
  - Kumyk: явмакъ (yawmaq)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kazakh: жауу (jauu)
  - Nogai: явув (yavuv)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жаа (jaa)
  - Southern Altai: јаар (ǰaar)
Siberian:
- Northern Altai: тьагарга (tʹagarga)
- Old Uyghur:
  - Western Yugur: yaɣ-
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: чаар (çaar)
    - Tofa: чаар (çaar)
  - Yenisei:
    - Khakas: чаарға (çaarğa)
    - Shor: чаарға (çaarğa)

References

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yağ-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 896
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yağmak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 177
Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 57
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jag-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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