< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kïr-. Alternatively, the nominal meaning is primary.

Noun

*kïr

  1. isolated mountain
  2. mountain top
  3. mountain ridge
  4. steppe, desert, level ground
  5. edge

Declension
Declension of *kïr
Singular 3)
Nominative *kïr
Accusative *kïrnï, *kïrïg 4), *kïrnïg 1)
Genitive *kïrnïŋ
Dative *kïrka
Locative *kïrta
Ablative *kïrtan
Allative *kïrgaru
Instrumental 2) *kïrïn
Equative 2) *kïrča
Similative 2) *kïrlayu
Comitative 2) *kïrlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хир (hir)
  • Common Turkic: *kïr
  • Proto-Oghuz: *gïr
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • East Oghuz:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قِرْ (qïr)
      • Chagatai: قیر
        • Uzbek: qir
        • Uyghur: قىر (qir)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
      • Southern Altai: кыр (kïr)
      • Kyrgyz: кыр (kır)
      • Teleut қыр-
    • South Kipchak:
      • Karakalpak: қыр
      • Kazakh: қыр (qyr)
      • Nogai: кыр (kır)
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
      • ⇒? Dolgan: кырдал (“hill”)
      • ⇒ Yakut: кыртас (kırtas, “to shear, cut out”), ⇒ кырдал (kırdal, “hill”)
  • → Middle Mongol: ᠬᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ (kir-a)
    • Mongolian: хяр (xjar)
    • → Turkmen: gyra
    • → Tuvan: хыра (xıra)

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 641
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, page 225
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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