< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kïr-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Exists in almost every Turkic language. Sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *kira- (“to mince, cut small”), Proto-Tungusic *kire- (“to mince; to be broken off, break off; to gnaw”), also Proto-Japonic *kiru (“to cut”).[1]

Verb

*kïr-

  1. (transitive) to break, to demolish
  2. (transitive) to scrape, to shave

Derived terms
  • *kïr (noun)
  • *kïrgak
  • *kïrk- (“to shave”)
  • *kïrmač (“whip, lash”)

Descendants
  • →? Proto-Mongolic: *kira-
  • →? Proto-Tungusic: *kire-
  • →? Proto-Japonic: *kir-
  • Oghur:
  • Common Turkic: *kïr-
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj: qırmaq
    • ⇒ Khalaj: kïrruq- (“to be apathetic, sullen, depressed”)
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen: gyrmak
    • Salar: qır
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: قِرْماقْ (qïrmaq)
      • Chagatai: قیرمق
        • Uzbek: qirmoq
        • Uyghur: قىرماق (qirmaq)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: qırmaq
      • Kumyk: къырмакъ (qırmaq)
      • Karachay-Balkar: къырыргъа (qırırğa)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (qır-)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Karakalpak: қырыў
        • Kazakh: қыру (qyru)
        • Nogai: кырув (kıruv)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: кыруу (kıruu)
        • Southern Altai: кырар (kïrar)
        • Teleut кыр- (kïr-)
  • Siberian:
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: кырар (kırar)
        • ⇒ Tofa: [script needed] (ӄыъртыҷа-)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: хырарға (xırarğa)
        • ⇒ Western Yugur: [script needed] (qʰïrq-, “to shave”)
        • Shor: [script needed] (qır-)

References
  1. Tekin, Talât (1993) Japonca ve Altay Dilleri [Japanese and Altaic languages] (in Turkish), 1st edition, Ankara: Doruk Yayınları, →ISBN, page 76
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 567
  • Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume VI, Moscow: Indrik, pages 227-229
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 265
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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