< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/utro

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *auštrā́ˀ (“dawn, morning”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewsér (“of the dawn or morning, matutinal; eastern”), from *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian aušrà, dial. auštrà (“dawn”), Latvian àustra, aũstra (“dawn”). Indo-European cognates include Ancient Greek αὔρᾱ (aúrā, “(esp. cool) breeze, fresh air of the morning”), Latin auster (“south wind”), Proto-Germanic *austrą (“east”), Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ (“Easter, springtime; name of a goddess”) (presumably from the goddess of the dawn, lust, fertility and spring, associated with the beginning of the year).

A variant *jutro appears in West Slavic, Slovenian and Serbo-Croatian, and is also attested in Old Church Slavonic, but considered secondary; there are further Slavic lexemes that display an alternation *ju- in West and South Slavic vs. *u- in East Slavic. Variants with *(j)ustr- point to *ustr- < *usr-,[1] the loss of -s- being either due to dissimilation[2] or perhaps due to the law of open syllables, if the -s- was variably assigned to the end of the first syllable. According to Kortlandt, the acute on the root implies a zero-grade variant (which would have parallels in Sanskrit उस्र (usrá-, “reddish, ruddy, bright, matutinal”), उस्रा (usrā́-, “dawn, morning”)), which, however, is not attested.[3] The intrusive -t- is regular in Proto-Slavic, compare *ostrъ, *strumy.

Noun

*ùtro n[4]

  1. morning, dawn

Inflection
Declension of *ùtro (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)
singular dual plural
nominative *ùtro *ùtrě *ùtra
genitive *ùtra *ùtru *ùtrъ
dative *ùtru *ùtroma *ùtromъ
accusative *ùtro *ùtrě *ùtra
instrumental *ùtrъmь, *ùtromь* *ùtroma *ùtrȳ
locative *ùtrě *ùtru *ùtrě̄xъ
vocative *ùtro *ùtrě *ùtra
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *utro se
  • *utrьjь
  • *utrьnъ
    • *utrьnica
  • *na utrьje / *nautrьje
  • *neutro (“day after tomorrow”)
  • *za utra / *zautra

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: утро (utro)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: оутро (utro), ютро (jutro)
      Glagolitic script: ⱆⱅⱃⱁ (utro), ⱓⱅⱃⱁ (jutro)
    • Bulgarian: у́тро (útro); Bulgarian: ютру (jutru) (dialectal)
    • Macedonian: утро (utro)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ју̏тро
      Latin script: jȕtro
    • Slovene: jútro (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

References
  1. Lunt, Horace Gray (2001) Old Church Slavonic Grammar‎, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, retrieved 20 September 2017, page 221
  2. Nieminen, Eino (1956) “Slavisch (j)ustro (j)utro und Verwandte”, in Scando-Slaviaca‎, volume 2, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 13–28
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 510
  4. Derksen (2008) has *ȕtro labeled as accent paradigm a. This appears to be a misprint for *ùtro, with old acute as is expected in accent paradigm a.
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “утро”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 510
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jutro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 200
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*na jutrьje / *najutrьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 21 (*mъrskovatъjь – *nadějьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 191
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nejutro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 135
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