< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sъ(n)

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From either Proto-Indo-European *sm̥- (“one, same”) in which case inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *san and cognate with Latvian sa-, Lithuanian su, or from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom (“with”)[1].[2]

Etymologically identical to the nominal prefix Proto-Slavic *sǫ-. The difference in development is because of the looser juncture between early Proto-Slavic verbs and preverbs: thus, preverbal *sun was subject to Slavic Auslautgesetze. A similar situation is found in modern German. Not to be confused with Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-.

Preposition

*sъ(n)

  1. (with instrumental) with, accompanying, alongside
  2. (with instrumental) with, by means of, using

Usage notes

Because of the law of open syllables, the final -n was normally dropped. But when combined with a stem that originally began with /j/, it was attached to the following word. Cf. Russian ею (jeju), but с (s) нею (neju) (*sъn jejǫ > /snˈeju/) etc.

Antonyms

See also

Derived terms
  • *sъ(n)-

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: з (z), са (sa)
    • Russian: с (s), со (so)
    • Carpathian Rusyn: з (z), из (yz)
    • Ukrainian: з (z), із (iz), зі (zi); зо (zo) (dialectal, pronunciational version of "зі" after a pause)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: съ (sŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱄⱏ (sŭ)
    • Bulgarian: с (s), със (sǎs)
    • Macedonian: со (so)
    • Serbo-Croatian::
      Cyrillic script: с, са
      Latin script: s, sa
    • Slovene: s, z (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: s
      • Czech: s
    • Old Polish: z, s, se, ze
      • Masurian: z
      • Polish: z
      • Silesian: z
    • Slovak: s, so
    • Pomeranian:
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: z
      • Lower Sorbian: z

References
  1. Vasmer, Max (1972) “с”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Муза – Сят), Moscow: Progress, pages 539-540
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sъ(n)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 478
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