< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rydati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rūˀd-, by Winter's law from Proto-Indo-European *HrewdH-.[1] Baltic cognates include Lithuanian raudóti (“to weep, to wail, to lament”), Latvian raûdât (“to weep”), rũdinât (“to bring to tears”). Indo-European cognates include Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi), रुदति (rudáti, “to weep”), रोदयति (rodáyati, “to grieve”), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬯𐬙𐬁 (raostā, “(he) wept”, 3sg. aor.), Old English rēotan (“to weep, to complain”), probably also Latin rudō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rudere), rūdō (“to bray, to shout”) (infinitive rūdere).

Verb

*rydati

  1. to weep, to wail

Inflection
Conjugation of *rydati, *ryda, *rydajetь (?, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*rydanьje *rydati *rydatъ *rydalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *rydanъ *rydajemъ
Active *rydavъ *rydaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *rydaxъ*ryda*ryda *rydajǫ*rydaješi*rydajetь
Dual *rydaxově*rydasta*rydaste *rydajevě*rydajeta*rydajete
Plural *rydaxomъ*rydaste*rydašę *rydajemъ*rydajete*rydajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *rydaaxъ*rydaaše*rydaaše —*rydaji*rydaji
Dual *rydaaxově*rydaašeta*rydaašete *rydajivě*rydajita—
Plural *rydaaxomъ*rydaašete*rydaaxǫ *rydajimъ*rydajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to weep, to wail”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: рꙑдати (rydati, “to mourn, to lament”), 1sg. рꙑдаѭ (rydajǫ)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: рида́я (ridája, “to sob”)
    • Macedonian: рида (rida, “to sob”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ри̏дати, 1sg. ри̏да̄м
      Latin: rȉdati, 1sg. rȉdām
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: rydati (“to attack, to nag”)
      • Czech: rydat (“to wail, to nag”)
    • Slovak: rydať (“to wail, to lament”)

References
  1. Reconstructed as *(H)rewd- by Derksen; final laryngeal is included by Ringe to account for Sanskrit रोदिति (róditi).
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “рыда́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 130
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 441
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рыда́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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