< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *rǫgъ (“ridicule, mockery”) +‎ *-ati. The root's origin is disputed. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *wreng-, *wrengʰ- (“to twist, to wring”). If so, akin to Old Prussian rānctwei (“to steal”) and possibly Latvian reñgtis (“to bow, to twist oneself”), Proto-Germanic *wrankiz (“wrench”), *wrangaz (“crooked, wrong”).

Machek relates it further with Proto-Slavic *orǫga (“equipment”), *rǫžiti (“to arm”), which Vasmer doubts.

Verb

*rǫgàti impf (perfective *rǫgnǫti)[1]

  1. (transitive) to offend, to scorn (to cause distress to someone)
  2. (figurative) to deride, to mock, to ridicule (to make fun of)

Inflection
Conjugation of *rǫgati, *rǫga, *rǫgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*rǫganьje *rǫgati *rǫgatъ *rǫgalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *rǫganъ *rǫgajemъ
Active *rǫgavъ *rǫgaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *rǫgaxъ*rǫga*rǫga *rǫgajǫ*rǫgaješi*rǫgajetь
Dual *rǫgaxově*rǫgasta*rǫgaste *rǫgajevě*rǫgajeta*rǫgajete
Plural *rǫgaxomъ*rǫgaste*rǫgašę *rǫgajemъ*rǫgajete*rǫgajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *rǫgaaxъ*rǫgaaše*rǫgaaše —*rǫgaji*rǫgaji
Dual *rǫgaaxově*rǫgaašeta*rǫgaašete *rǫgajivě*rǫgajita—
Plural *rǫgaaxomъ*rǫgaašete*rǫgaaxǫ *rǫgajimъ*rǫgajite—

Derived terms
  • *narǫgati
  • *porǫgati
  • *urǫgati
  • *rǫga (resultant noun)
  • *rǫgateľь, *rǫgačь (agent nouns)
nouns
  • *rǫgъ
verbs
  • *ręgnǫti
  • *ręžati

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: ругати (rugati)
  • South Slavic
  • West Slavic
    • Old Czech: rúhati
    • Kashubian: rągac
    • ⇒ Old Polish: uręgać
    • Slovak: rúhať

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “руга́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ругая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 333
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ръгая”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 362

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “rogati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *rǫga̋ti”
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