ругая

Bulgarian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian руга́ть (rugátʹ), which is a doublet of ръга́я (rǎgája) (inherited), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rǫgati.

Superficially also resembles Bulgarian ръ́гам (rǎ́gam, to prod), however, their semantics don't match exactly.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [roˈɡajɐ]

Verb

руга́я • (rugája) first-singular present indicative, impf

  1. (transitive) to scold, to rebuke, to malign, to curse [somebody]
    Synonyms: хо́кам (hókam), ка́рам (káram), ху́ля (húlja)
  2. (intransitive) to swear, to cuss
    руга́я като каруца́рrugája kato karucárto swear like a drayman
  3. (reflexive with се, in the plural) to call each other names

Conjugation

Alternative forms

  • ру́гам (rúgam) dialectal

Derived terms

  • заруга́я pf (zarugája), заруга́вам impf (zarugávam)
  • изруга́я pf (izrugája), изруга́вам impf (izrugávam)
  • наруга́я pf (narugája), наруга́вам impf (narugávam)
  • обруга́я pf (obrugája), обруга́вам impf (obrugávam)
  • поруга́я pf (porugája), поруга́вам impf (porugávam, to defile)
  • руга (ruga, mockery) (obsolescent/dialectal)
  • ругатня́ (rugatnjá, insulst) (action noun)
  • руга́тел m (rugátel), руга́телка f (rugátelka) (agent nouns)
    • руга́телство (rugátelstvo, detraction)
    • руга́телен (rugátelen), руга́телски (rugátelski, scornful)
  • ру́жа (се) (rúža (se)), ру́жам (rúžam, to quarrel with) (dialectal)

References

  • ругая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • ругая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • рѫгати сѧ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ругая, диал. ругам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 333

Anagrams

Russian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [rʊˈɡajə]

Participle

руга́я • (rugája)

  1. present adverbial imperfective participle of руга́ть (rugátʹ)
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