ругая
Bulgarian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian руга́ть (rugátʹ), which is a doublet of ръга́я (rǎgája) (inherited), ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rǫgati.
Superficially also resembles Bulgarian ръ́гам (rǎ́gam, “to prod”), however, their semantics don't match exactly.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [roˈɡajɐ]
Verb
руга́я • (rugája) first-singular present indicative, impf
Conjugation
Conjugation of руга́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, transitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | руга́ещ rugáešt |
руга́л rugál |
руга́ел rugáel |
руга́н rugán |
руга́ейки rugáejki | |
definite subject form | руга́ещият rugáeštijat |
руга́лият rugálijat |
— | руга́ният rugánijat | |||
definite object form | руга́ещия rugáeštija |
руга́лия rugálija |
— | руга́ния rugánija | |||
feminine | indefinite | руга́еща rugáešta |
руга́ла rugála |
руга́ела rugáela |
руга́на rugána | ||
definite | руга́ещата rugáeštata |
руга́лата rugálata |
— | руга́ната rugánata | |||
neuter | indefinite | руга́ещо rugáešto |
руга́ло rugálo |
руга́ело rugáelo |
руга́но rugáno |
руга́ене rugáene | |
definite | руга́ещото rugáeštoto |
руга́лото rugáloto |
— | руга́ното rugánoto |
руга́енето rugáeneto | ||
plural | indefinite | руга́ещи rugáešti |
руга́ли rugáli |
руга́ели rugáeli |
руга́ни rugáni |
руга́ения, руга́енета rugáenija, rugáeneta | |
definite | руга́ещите rugáeštite |
руга́лите rugálite |
— | руга́ните rugánite |
руга́енията, руга́енетата rugáenijata, rugáenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | руга́я rugája |
руга́еш rugáeš |
руга́е rugáe |
руга́ем rugáem |
руга́ете rugáete |
руга́ят rugájat | |
imperfect | руга́ех rugáeh |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́ехме rugáehme |
руга́ехте rugáehte |
руга́еха rugáeha | |
aorist | руга́х rugáh |
руга́ rugá |
руга́ rugá |
руга́хме rugáhme |
руга́хте rugáhte |
руга́ха rugáha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
руга́й rugáj |
руга́йте rugájte |
Conjugation of руга́я (conjugation 1.7, imperfective, intransitive)
participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | руга́ещ rugáešt |
руга́л rugál |
руга́ел rugáel |
— | руга́ейки rugáejki | |
definite subject form | руга́ещият rugáeštijat |
руга́лият rugálijat |
— | — | |||
definite object form | руга́ещия rugáeštija |
руга́лия rugálija |
— | — | |||
feminine | indefinite | руга́еща rugáešta |
руга́ла rugála |
руга́ела rugáela |
— | ||
definite | руга́ещата rugáeštata |
руга́лата rugálata |
— | — | |||
neuter | indefinite | руга́ещо rugáešto |
руга́ло rugálo |
руга́ело rugáelo |
— | руга́ене rugáene | |
definite | руга́ещото rugáeštoto |
руга́лото rugáloto |
— | — | руга́енето rugáeneto | ||
plural | indefinite | руга́ещи rugáešti |
руга́ли rugáli |
руга́ели rugáeli |
— | руга́ения, руга́енета rugáenija, rugáeneta | |
definite | руга́ещите rugáeštite |
руга́лите rugálite |
— | — | руга́енията, руга́енетата rugáenijata, rugáenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | руга́я rugája |
руга́еш rugáeš |
руга́е rugáe |
руга́ем rugáem |
руга́ете rugáete |
руга́ят rugájat | |
imperfect | руга́ех rugáeh |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́еше rugáeše |
руга́ехме rugáehme |
руга́ехте rugáehte |
руга́еха rugáeha | |
aorist | руга́х rugáh |
руга́ rugá |
руга́ rugá |
руга́хме rugáhme |
руга́хте rugáhte |
руга́ха rugáha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́ел m, руга́ела f, руга́ело n, or руга́ели pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and руга́л m, руга́ла f, руга́ло n, or руга́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
руга́й rugáj |
руга́йте rugájte |
Alternative forms
- ру́гам (rúgam) — dialectal
Derived terms
- заруга́я pf (zarugája), заруга́вам impf (zarugávam)
- изруга́я pf (izrugája), изруга́вам impf (izrugávam)
- наруга́я pf (narugája), наруга́вам impf (narugávam)
- обруга́я pf (obrugája), обруга́вам impf (obrugávam)
- поруга́я pf (porugája), поруга́вам impf (porugávam, “to defile”)
- руга (ruga, “mockery”) (obsolescent/dialectal)
- ругатня́ (rugatnjá, “insulst”) (action noun)
- руга́тел m (rugátel), руга́телка f (rugátelka) (agent nouns)
- руга́телство (rugátelstvo, “detraction”)
- руга́телен (rugátelen), руга́телски (rugátelski, “scornful”)
Related terms
- ру́жа (се) (rúža (se)), ру́жам (rúžam, “to quarrel with”) (dialectal)
References
- “ругая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- “ругая”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
- “рѫгати сѧ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024
- Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ругая, диал. ругам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 333
Anagrams
- ягуар (jaguar)
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rʊˈɡajə]
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