< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopněti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *kopьněti, *kopьniti (ESSJa)

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to boil, to steam, to stink”), related to Latin cupiō (“to desire”) and Lithuanian kvapas (“aroma”). Possibly akin to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Latin vapor. Schrijver reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- in order to explain the broken tone in Lithuanian kûpt (“to smoke, to steam”), which according to Derksen could alternatively be a result of the sta-present conjugation.

Trubachev reconstructs *kopьněti as if from *kopьna (“heap, pile”) +‎ *-ěti, which is semantically dubious. The later is akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”).

Verb

*kopněti impf

  1. to melt in parts (not homogeneously)
    Synonyms: *tajati, *topiti
  2. (figuratively) to yearn, to long for

Alternative forms
  • *kopniti

Conjugation
Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnějetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kopněnьje *kopněti *kopnětъ *kopnělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kopněnъ *kopnějemъ
Active *kopněvъ *kopněję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kopněxъ*kopně*kopně *kopnějǫ*kopněješi*kopnějetь
Dual *kopněxově*kopněsta*kopněste *kopnějevě*kopnějeta*kopnějete
Plural *kopněxomъ*kopněste*kopněšę *kopnějemъ*kopnějete*kopnějǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kopněaxъ*kopněaše*kopněaše —*kopněji*kopněji
Dual *kopněaxově*kopněašeta*kopněašete *kopnějivě*kopnějita—
Plural *kopněaxomъ*kopněašete*kopněaxǫ *kopnějimъ*kopnějite—
Conjugation of *kopněti, *kopně, *kopnitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kopněnьje *kopněti *kopnětъ *kopnělъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kopněnъ *kopnimъ
Active *kopněvъ *kopnę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kopněxъ*kopně*kopně *kopňǫ*kopniši*kopnitь
Dual *kopněxově*kopněsta*kopněste *kopnivě*kopnita*kopnite
Plural *kopněxomъ*kopněste*kopněšę *kopnimъ*kopnite*kopnętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kopněaxъ*kopněaše*kopněaše —*kopni*kopni
Dual *kopněaxově*kopněašeta*kopněašete *kopnivě*kopnita—
Plural *kopněaxomъ*kopněašete*kopněaxǫ *kopnimъ*kopnite—

Derived terms
  • *kopnežь, *kopněžь (“longing, strong desire”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Ukrainian: кіпніти (kipnity)[1]
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: копне́я (kopnéja)
    • Macedonian: копнее (kopnee)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ко̀пнети, 1p. ко́пнӣм
      Latin script: kòpneti, 1p. kópnīm
    • Slovene: kopnẹ́ti (possibly)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kopňat, kopňet (dialectal)
    • Slovak: kopnieť (dialectal)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьněti/*kopьniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 44
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копнея”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 618
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “kopneti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
  • Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kopъtъ, *kopъtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 233

References
  1. Hrinchenko, Borys, editor (1924), “кіпніти”, in Словарь української мови [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language]‎ (in Russian), volumes 1: А – Н, Berlin: Ukrainske Slowo, page 781
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