< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/derti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *derˀtéi (“to tear; to peel”), reanalyzed athematic root aorist[1] of Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”).

Cognate with Lithuanian dérti (“to tear, to peel”) (Žemaitian dialect), as well as Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to flay”), Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear; snatch or pull off [from]; tug”).

Verb

*dertì impf[2][3][4][5][6]

  1. to tear

Inflection

(South Slavic *dȅrǫ, influenced by *dьràti)

Conjugation of *derti, *der, *dьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dьrtьje *derti *dertъ *dьrlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dьrtъ *dьromъ
Active *dьrъ *dьry
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *derxъ*der*der *dьrǫ*dьreši*dьretь
Dual *derxově*dersta*derste *dьrevě*dьreta*dьrete
Plural *derxomъ*derste*deršę *dьremъ*dьrete*dьrǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *dьrěaxъ*dьrěaše*dьrěaše —*dьri*dьri
Dual *dьrěaxově*dьrěašeta*dьrěašete *dьrěvě*dьrěta—
Plural *dьrěaxomъ*dьrěašete*dьrěaxǫ *dьrěmъ*dьrěte—
    Notes:
  • (*)*dьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Derived terms
  • *dira, *diřa (“crack, hole; trace”)
  • *dě̄rà (“crack, hole”)
  • *derъ (“tearing, skinning; flayer”)
    • *kožederъ (“skinning”)
    • *živoderъ (“butcher”)
  • *derь (“tearing”)
  • *derьmо (“turd”)
  • *derьba (“tearing, skinning”)
  • *deračь, *derьcь (“flayer”)
  • *deruga, *deřuga (“tat, sackcloth”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: дзерці (dzjerci)
    • Ukrainian: дерти (derty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: дријѐти
      Latin script: drijèti
    • Slovene: drẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: dřieti
    • Polish: drzeć
    • Slovak: drieť
    • Slovincian: drzéc
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: drjeć, drěć
      • Lower Sorbian: drěś

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*derti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 209
  • Dybo, V. A. (1981) “Slavjanskaja akcentologija. Opyt rekonstrukcii sistemy akcentnyx paradigm v praslavjanskom”, in Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Slavic and Balkan studies. Moscow: Nauka‎, page 235: “*derti̍”

References
  1. Villanueva Svensson, M. (2011 July) “The accentuation of the infinitive type Latv. kal̃t, Sl. *kőlti and the development of Indo-European molō-presents in Balto-Slavic”, in BALTISTICA VII‎, page 320: “Verbs that inherited an (active) root athematic aorist ... Sl. *dertì 'tear' ...”
  2. Nikolajev, S. L. (2014) “K rekonstrukcii akcentnyx klassov balto-slavjanskix glagolov*”, in Balto-slavjanskije issledovanija – XIX, Moscow – Saint-Petersburg: The work was carried out with the support of the basic research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences
  3. Zaliznjak, Andrej A. (2014) “Drevnerusskoje udarenije. Obščije svedenija i slovarʹ”, in Languages of Slavic Culture‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Institute for Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, page 278: “дра́ти ― dráti”
  4. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dertì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 99: “v. (b) ‘tear’”
  5. Olander, Thomas (2001) “derti: dьrǫ dьretь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (SA 203, 235, 251)”
  6. Snoj, Marko (2016) “drẹ́ti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*de̋rti, sed. *dь̏rǫ”
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