< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrvьňa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From a not directly retained *dьrva +‎ *-ьňa inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀwāˀ kept by Latvian dìrva, Lithuanian dirvà (“arable land, field”), further derived from Proto-Indo-European *dérH-uh₂ ~ *dr̥H-wéh₂, from the root Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to tear, crack”), to which also Sanskrit दूर्वा (dū́rvā, “panic grass”), Proto-West Germanic *taru (“wheat”), Welsh drewg (“darnel”) are put.

For the meaning development from “field” to “village” typologically compare the attested development, without collectivizing suffix *-ьňa making the derivation more straightforward, of Ge'ez ፂኦት (ṣ́iʾot, “low grounds, pasture”, its only meanings) into Arabic ضَيْعَة (ḍayʕa, “pasture; village, hamlet”) and in the end Galician aldea (“village”), Spanish aldea (“village”), Portuguese aldeia (“village”). The reverse shift, the designation of a village from enclosed space instead of from a wide space, is equally known in the languages of the world: Proto-Turkic *āgïl means originally a “pen, fold for cattle”, so usual in Anatolian Turkic, but gives the word for village, aul, in Central Asian Turkic, see it for its descendants. Similarly Proto-Slavic *gordъ (“town”) derives from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gardas (“enclosure”).

Noun

*dьrvьňa f[1]

  1. ploughed field, arable land (after trees were cut) (the original sense, unless the suffigation directly gave the next sense)
  2. a peasant's khutor with a plot of land; settlement, village

Inflection
Declension of *dьrvьňa (soft a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *dьrvьňa *dьrvьňi *dьrvьňę̇
genitive *dьrvьňę̇ *dьrvьňu *dьrvьňь
dative *dьrvьňi *dьrvьňama *dьrvьňamъ
accusative *dьrvьňǫ *dьrvьňi *dьrvьňę̇
instrumental *dьrvьňejǫ, *dьrvьňǫ** *dьrvьňama *dьrvьňami
locative *dьrvьňi *dьrvьňu *dьrvьňasъ, *dьrvьňaxъ*
vocative *dьrvьňe *dьrvьňi *dьrvьňę̇
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: деревьнꙗ (derevĭnja), деревнѧ (derevnę), дрв҃нꙗ (drv:nja), деревнꙗ (derevnja)
      • ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревнꙗ (derevnja)
        • Old Ruthenian: дере́внꙗ (derévnja, “village; lumber, timber”)
          • Belarusian: дзярэ́ўня (dzjaréŭnja, “village”)
          • Ukrainian: дере́вня (derévnja, “forest used for construction”)
        • Russian: дере́вня (derévnja, “village”), дерёвня (derjóvnja)
        • → Polish: derewnia (“village”)
        • ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревеньскъ (derevenĭskŭ)
        • ⇒ Old East Slavic: деревенька (derevenĭka)

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дере́вня”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dьrvьņa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 136: “f. jā ‘field’”
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