< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dьrgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dirˀg-, from Proto-Indo-European *dr̥Hgʰ, from the root *derHgʰ- (given as *derHǵʰ- in Derksen, but this is likely a typo). Cognate with Lithuanian dìrginti (“to irritate”), dìrgti (“to become weak”) and Latvian dragât (“to pull, to tear”), derglît (“to tear, to split”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *targijaną (“to tarry, to pull”).

In some dialects, *dьrgati has overlapped with forms of Proto-Slavic *drъgati (“to shake off, to tremble”).

Verb

*dьrgati impf (perfective *dьrnǫti)[1]

  1. to comb, to pluck
  2. to pull, to tug, to jerk

Conjugation
Conjugation of *dьrgati, *dьrga, *dьrgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dьrganьje *dьrgati *dьrgatъ *dьrgalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dьrganъ *dьrgajemъ
Active *dьrgavъ *dьrgaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dьrgaxъ*dьrga*dьrga *dьrgajǫ*dьrgaješi*dьrgajetь
Dual *dьrgaxově*dьrgasta*dьrgaste *dьrgajevě*dьrgajeta*dьrgajete
Plural *dьrgaxomъ*dьrgaste*dьrgašę *dьrgajemъ*dьrgajete*dьrgajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *dьrgaaxъ*dьrgaaše*dьrgaaše —*dьrgaji*dьrgaji
Dual *dьrgaaxově*dьrgaašeta*dьrgaašete *dьrgajivě*dьrgajita—
Plural *dьrgaaxomъ*dьrgaašete*dьrgaaxǫ *dьrgajimъ*dьrgajite—

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дръгати (drŭgati)
      • Belarusian: до́ргаць (dórhacʹ)
      • Russian: дёргать (djórgatʹ)
      • Ukrainian: де́ргати (dérhaty)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: drhat
    • Polish: dziergać, dzierzgać
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: źergaś

Further reading
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “дёргать”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 242
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьrgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 221
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дергать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дързам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 462

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “dьrgati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 135: “v.”
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