Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьlna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gilˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European root:

*gʷelH- (“torment, sting”). Related to *žalь (“pity, regret”), *želěti (“to regret”), *želja (“grief”).
*ǵʰelh₃-. Related to *žьltъ (“yellow”), *zelenъ (“green”).

Cognate with Lithuanian gilnà (“green woodpecker”), Latvian dzil̂na (“woodpecker”)

Noun

*žьlna f

woodpecker, green woodpecker

Declension

Declension of *žьlna (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*žьlna	*žьlně	*žьlny
genitive	*žьlny	*žьlnu	*žьlnъ
dative	*žьlně	*žьlnama	*žьlnamъ
accusative	*žьlnǫ	*žьlně	*žьlny
instrumental	žьlnojǫ, žьlnǫ^**	*žьlnama	*žьlnami
locative	*žьlně	*žьlnu	žьlnasъ, žьlnaxъ^*
vocative	*žьlno	*žьlně	*žьlny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

Church Slavonic: жлъна (žlŭna) (Russian)

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: *жьлна (*žĭlna)
  - Belarusian: жаўна́ (žaŭná)
  - Russian: желна́ (želná)
  - Ukrainian: жо́вна (žóvna)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: жълна́ (žǎlná)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: жуна
  
  Latin script: žuna
- Slovene: žółna (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: žluna
  - Czech: žluna
    - Moravian (Mistřice): žuna
- Kashubian: żôłna
- Polish: żołna
- Slovak: žlna
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žołma
  - Lower Sorbian: žołma

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) “žьlna”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 565
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “желна”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “желна”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 296
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жълна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 563
https://slovari.yandex.ru/~книги/Этимологический%20словарь/Желна/

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