< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰelh₃-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ǵʰelh₃-[1][2]

  1. to flourish
  2. green, yellow

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰelh₃-‎ (47 c, 0 e)
  • *ǵʰélh₃-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źelʔtei
      • Latvian: zelt
      • Lithuanian: žélti
  • *ǵʰélh₃-s ~ *ǵʰl̥h₃-és
    • Proto-Germanic: *gulaz (“yellow”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *helos
      • Old Latin: helus
        • Latin: holus (“vegetable; greens”)
  • *ǵʰolh₃-éh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰolā́ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰarHáH
      • Proto-Iranian: *jarHáH
        • Avestan: 𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀 (zāra, “gall”)
        • Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠zahrag⁠/, “gall, bile”)
          • Persian: زهره (zahre, “gall”), زهله (zahle)
  • *ǵʰólh₃-i-s ~ *ǵʰl̥h₃-éy-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰárHiš (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰolh₃-n-éh₂
    • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *gallǭ (“gall, bile”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₃-no-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *glanos (“clean, clear”) (possibly) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰelh₃-o-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *gelos (“bright, white”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₃-ró-s
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʰlōrós
      • Ancient Greek: χλωρός (khlōrós, “bright green, yellow”)
      • Phrygian: γλουρος (glouros)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₃-tó-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *giltas
    • Proto-Germanic: *gulþą (“gold”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰelh₃-wó-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Lithuanian: žel̃vas
    • Proto-Germanic: *gelwaz (“yellow”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰelh₃-i-wó-s
    • Proto-Italic: *heliwos (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰleh₃- (metathesized)
    • *ǵʰleh₃-(e)-ti (root present)
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *glōaną (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰelh₃-en-
  • *ǵʰélh₃en-o-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źel-
      • Proto-Slavic: *zelènъ (“green”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₃en-yó-m
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰr̥Hanyam (“gold”) (see there for further descendants)
*ǵʰelh₃-t-
  • *ǵʰélh₃t-o-s
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • *ǵʰólh₃t-o-m
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *zolto (“gold”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *ǵʰl̥h₃t-tó-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *glastos (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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