< Reconstruction:Proto-Permic

Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/ku̇kjamis

This Proto-Permic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Permic
Proto-Permic cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : *ku̇kjamis

Etymology

From *ku̇kja (“two”) +‎ *-mis (“lacking from ten”). The origin of the suffix *-ja is debated:

  • Serebrennikov (1963) proposes that *-ja is an ending of a lost locative case.[1]
  • According to Lytkin (1970), possibly a leftover of a dual suffix, seen also in the plural suffix *-jas.[2]
  • Honti (1993) claims that *-ja is identical to the denominal adjectivising suffix *-a, with an irregular iotation which prevented it from labialising in Udmurt.[3]
  • Bartens (2000) states that it may be the adverbial case ending (preserved in Udmurt as -я (-ja))[4]

Equivalent to Proto-Finnic *kaktëksa (“eight”), itself also derived from *kakci (“two”).

Numeral

*ku̇kjamis

  1. eight

Descendants
  • Komi:
    • Komi-Permyak: кыкья́мыс (kykʹjámys)
    • Komi-Zyrian: кӧкъямыс (kökjamys)
  • Udmurt: кыкъямыс (kykjamys) (obsolete)

From the syncoptic *kjamis:

References
  1. B. A. Serebrennikov (1967) Историческая морфология пермских языков [Historical morphology of the Permic languages] (in Russian), page 221
  2. Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “кӧкъямыс”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка [Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Komi Language]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka
  3. L. Honti (1993) Die Grundzahlwörter der Uralischen Sprachen. [The cardinal numbers in Uralic languages] (in German), Budapest, page 157
  4. R. Bartens (2000) Permiläisten kielten rakenne ja kehitys. [The structure and development of the Permic languages] (in Finnish), page 143

Further reading
  • Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “кӧкъямыс”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка [Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Komi Language]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka
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