Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/layaʀ

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *layaʀ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lajaʀ/, /lajar/

Noun

*layaʀ

sail (a piece of fabric attached to a boat)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Central Maluku:
    - Boano (Maluku): naan
    - Manipa: leale
  - Flores–Lembata:
    - Lamaholot: laja
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Kambera: líru
    - Komodo: lajah
    - Manggarai: lajar
    - Rembong: lazar
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Bilba: la
    - Leti (Indonesia): lara
    - Tetun Dili: laan
    - Tugun: lar
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Sawai: lóe
    - Waropen: rararo
  - Proto-Oceanic: *layaʀ
    - Admiralty Islands:
      - Yapese: laay
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        Fijian: laca, laya
        Proto-Polynesian: *la (see there for further descendants)
        Rotuman: läe
        Western Fijian: laca
      - Micronesian: *lea
      - Southern Oceanic:
        Bieria: nlai
        North Efate: nalae
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Dobu: naia
      - Hula: ra
      - Kilivila: naya
      - Lala (New Guinea): ra
      - Motu: lara
      - Wedau: nala
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Greater Barito:
  - East Barito:
    - Malagasy: lay
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - Central Sama: leha
    - Mapun: lē
  - West Barito:
    - Ngaju: layar
- Land Dayak:
  - Rejang: layea
- North Borneo:
  - Central Sarawak:
    - Central Melanau: layah
  - Proto-North Sarawak:
    - Bintulu: lazeh
  - Northeast Sabah:
    - Bonggi: liaag
    - Ida'an: layag
  - Southwest Sabah:
    - Dusunic:
      - Central Dusun: layag
      - Coastal Kadazan: hazag
      - Rungus: lazag
      - Tobilung: layag
    - Paitanic:
      - Abai Sungai: layag
      - Tombonuo: layag
- Proto-Philippine: *layaʀ
  - Central Luzon:
    - Kapampangan: layag
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol Central: layag
      - Mansaka: layag
      - Tagalog: layag
      - Visayan:
        Aklanon: eayag
        Cebuano: layag
        Hiligaynon: layag
        Masbatenyo: layag
        Waray-Waray: layag
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: layag
      - Tausug: layag
    - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
      - Kaidipang: layago
      - Mongondow: leag
    - Manobo:
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: layag
    - South Mangyan:
      - Hanunoo: layag
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: layag
    - Dupaningan Agta: layag
    - Ilocano: layag
  - South Mindanao:
    - Tiruray: layag
- Celebic:
  - Lauje: layag
  - Tajio: layag
  - Totoli: leag
- Chamorro: layak
- Moklenic:
  - Moken: layan
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Toba Batak: rear
  - Nias: loyo
  - Simeulue: laeal
- Palauan: yars
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Bali–Sasak:
    - Balinese: layah
    - Sasak: layar
  - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
    - Proto-Chamic:
      - Acehnese: layeuë
    - Proto-Malayic: *layar
      - Iban: layar
      - Malay: layar
        Indonesian: layar
      - Urak Lawoi': ลายัยํ (layal)
  - Sundanese: ᮜᮚᮁ (layar)