< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tewk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Compare *tewh₂- (“to swell, crowd, be strong”). Possibly analyzed as *tewh₂-k- or *tewH-k-, though the evidence is unclear.[1] Superficially similar to *(s)tewk- (“to strike, hit”) but unclear whether semantically related.

Root

*tewk-

  1. germ, seed, sprout, offspring

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tewk-‎ (3 c, 0 e)
  • *túk
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *túk, *túč
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *túk, *túć
        • Sanskrit: तुक् (túk, “boy”)[2], तुच् (túc, “offspring, children (only attested in RV dat. fem. तुचे (tucé))”)[2]
  • *tewk-ós
    • Proto-Germanic: *þeuhą (“thigh”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tauˀkás[3]
      • Latgalian: tauks
      • Lithuanian: taukaĩ pl
      • Latvian: tàuki pl
      • Old Prussian: taukis
      • Proto-Slavic: *tȗkъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tawkás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tawkás
        • Sanskrit: तोक (toká, “offspring, including of animals”)[2]
      • Ossetian: тог (tog, “blood”) (Digoron)
      • Ossetian: туг (tug, “blood”) (Iron)
  • *téwk-mos
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkmas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *táwkmas
        • Sanskrit: तोक्म (tókma, “a young shoot, offspring”)[2]
  • *téwk-mn̥
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *táwkma (see there for further descendants)
  • *tewk-tḗr
    • Proto-Germanic: *þeuhtēr (“descendant”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Latgalian: tyukt' (“to plump, to swell”)
    • Latgalian: tuklys (“portly, fat, plumpy”)
    • Latgalian: tyucis (“cloud, crowd”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *tuknā (< *tuk-mn̥) (possibly)
      • Old Irish: tón (“anus”)
        • Scottish Gaelic: tòin (“anus, arse”)
        • Irish: tóin (“anus, buttocks”)
    • Proto-Celtic: ? / Proto-Italic: ?
      • →? Latin: tucca (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Latin: tūcētum, tuccētum (see there for further descendants)
        • →? Umbrian: toco

References
  1. Zair, Nicholas. The Reflexes of the Indo-European Laryngeals in Celtic, page 155
  2. Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary 2008 revision
  3. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tȗkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 500
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