< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/oḱtṓw

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Formally the dual of a stem *(H)oḱto- (“four fingers”). This erstwhile singular seems to appear in Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬌- (ašti-, “breadth of four fingers”) and appears to have been borrowed into Proto-Kartvelian as *otxo- (“four”).

Numeral
Proto-Indo-European cardinal numbers
 <  7 8 9  > 
    Cardinal : *oḱtṓw
    Ordinal : *oḱtowós[1]

*oḱtṓw or *h₁oḱtṓw

  1. eight

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *aktṓ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Lycian: 𐊀𐊆𐊗𐊙𐊗𐊀 (aitãta)
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aśtṓ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *oxtū (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *ahtōu (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *oktṓ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haštā́ (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *oktō (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *óktä[2] (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms

References
  1. Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
  2. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “okt”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 115-116
  3. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “oktante”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 116
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “octō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 424

Further reading
  • Bjørn, Rasmus (2019) “Nouns and Foreign Numerals: Anatolian ‘Four’ and the Development of the PIE Decimal System”, in Matilde Serangeli and Thomas Olander, editors, Dispersals and Diversification: Linguistic and Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Stages of Indo-European (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 19), Leiden and Boston: Brill, →DOI, pages 57, 62–64
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