< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂érh₃trom

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Etymology

From *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) +‎ *-trom (instrumental suffix).

Noun

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*h₂érh₃trom n[4][3][5][6]

  1. plough, ard

Inflection
Thematic
singular
nominative *h₂érh₃trom
genitive *h₂érh₃trosyo
singular dual plural
nominative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
vocative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
accusative *h₂érh₃trom *h₂érh₃troy(h₁) *h₂érh₃treh₂
genitive *h₂érh₃trosyo *? *h₂érh₃troHom
ablative *h₂érh₃tread *? *h₂érh₃tromos
dative *h₂érh₃troey *? *h₂érh₃tromos
locative *h₂érh₃trey, *h₂érh₃troy *? *h₂érh₃troysu
instrumental *h₂érh₃troh₁ *? *h₂érh₃trōys

Descendants
  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: արաւր (arawr), հարաւր (harawr)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *árˀtla (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *aratrom (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *arþrą (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *árotron (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *arātrom
    • Latin: arātrum (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Collins, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XIII: Slavic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Slavic, page 1509
  2. Jasanoff, Jay (2017) The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
  3. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 108
  4. Lundquist, Jesse, Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095
  5. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36
  6. Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 56
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