< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/arþrą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érh₃trom. Equivalent to *arjaną +‎ *-þrą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɑr.θrɑ̃/

Noun

*arþrą n[1]

  1. plough

Inflection
neuter a-stemDeclension of *arþrą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *arþrą *arþrō
vocative *arþrą *arþrō
accusative *arþrą *arþrō
genitive *arþras, *arþris *arþrǫ̂
dative *arþrai *arþramaz
instrumental *arþrō *arþramiz

Descendants
  • Old Norse: arðr
    • Icelandic: arður
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: ard
    • Norwegian Bokmål: ard
      • → English: ard
    • Old Swedish: arþer n
    • Danish: ard
  • → Proto-Finnic: *atra (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arþra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
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