Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁óynos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”) + *-nós, in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.
Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).
Numeral
| 1 | 2 > | |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : *h₁óynos Ordinal : *pr̥h₃wós Adverbial : *somHós Fractional : *sēmi Prefix : *sm̥- | ||
*h₁óynos
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁óynos | *h₁óyneh₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | *h₁óyneh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óynos | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óyne | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óynead | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óynoh₁ | — | — |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óyneh₂ | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óyneh₂ | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynām | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óyneh₂s | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óyneh₂s | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óyneh₂ey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyneh₂, *h₁óyneh₂i | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óyneh₂h₁ | — | — |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| vocative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| accusative | *h₁óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *h₁óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *h₁óynead | — | — |
| dative | *h₁óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *h₁óyney, *h₁óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *h₁óynoh₁ | — | — |
Reconstruction notes
Acute accent in Balto-Slavic points to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form.
According to Arnaud Fournet, Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas is unique among all Indo-European languages and shows similarity with counterparts in Uralic languages. Compare, however, Proto-Albanian *ne uka (whence Albanian nuk).
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *ainja (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *óynos
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háynas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háynas
- Sanskrit: एन (éna)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háynas
- Proto-Italic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *aiˀnas
Derived terms
- *h₁óy-kos
- *h₁óyH-wos
- *h₁iH-n-os
- *h₁edʰ-iHnos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *edīˀnas
- Proto-Slavic: *edinъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *edīˀnas
- h₁iHno-kós
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *īˀnakas
- Proto-Slavic: *jьnokъ (see there for further descendants)
- Old Church Slavonic: инокъ (inokŭ)
- Proto-Slavic: *jьnokъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *īˀnakas
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *īˀnas
- Proto-Slavic: *jьnъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Baltic: *winyas
- *h₁edʰ-iHnos
- *h₁oyH-ni-kós
- (possibly) *h₁óy-n̥-ki-
- Proto-Anatolian: *ayanki
- Hittite: [script needed] (a-an-ki)
- Proto-Anatolian: *ayanki
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Fournet, Arnaud (2010) About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 38, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2010, p.27
- Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag