< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrītaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Of unclear origin.
Kroonen derives the root from a Proto-Indo-European *wreyd-, with no known cognates outside of Germanic.[1]
Pokorny and Lehmann suggest that the root is a d-extension of a Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to cut, scratch”), for which see Old Armenian գիր (gir, “letter; writing”) for more possible cognates.[2] Latin rīma (“cleft, crack”) may also continue this same root.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwriː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
Inflection
Conjugation of *wrītaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wrītō | *wrītaų | — | *wrītai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wrītizi | *wrītaiz | *wrīt | *wrītazai | *wrītaizau |
| 3rd singular | *wrītidi | *wrītai | *wrītadau | *wrītadai | *wrītaidau |
| 1st dual | *wrītōz | *wrītaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wrītadiz | *wrītaidiz | *wrītadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wrītamaz | *wrītaim | — | *wrītandai | *wrītaindau |
| 2nd plural | *wrītid | *wrītaid | *wrītid | *wrītandai | *wrītaindau |
| 3rd plural | *wrītandi | *wrītain | *wrītandau | *wrītandai | *wrītaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wrait | *writį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wraist | *writīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wrait | *writī | |||
| 1st dual | *writū | *writīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *writudiz | *writīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *writum | *writīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *writud | *writīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *writun | *writīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wrītandz | *writanaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wrītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 596-597
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wrītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 473
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 523-4
- MacLeod, Mindy, Mees, Bernard (2006) Runic Amulets and Magic Objects, Boydell Press, →ISBN, page 46
- Ibid., p. 49.
- Elmer H., Antonsen (2002) Runes and Germanic Linguistics (Trends in Linguistics. Studies and Monographs), volume 140, Berlin, New York: Mouton De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 27
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