< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīkwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *wéygeti. Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬘𐬀𐬧𐬙 (vaējaṇt, “swinging”, present participle), Ancient Greek εἴκω (eíkō, “to give way”), Tocharian B viśäṃ (“should stay away”, subjunctive). From root *weyg- (“to start moving; to distance oneself”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈwiː.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wīkwaną[2]

  1. to yield, cease, fold
  2. to retreat

Inflection
Conjugation of *wīkwaną (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wīkwō*wīkwaų—*wīkwai ?
2nd singular *wīkwizi*wīkwaiz*wīkw*wīkwazai*wīkwaizau
3rd singular *wīkwidi*wīkwai*wīkwadau*wīkwadai*wīkwaidau
1st dual *wīkwōz*wīkwaiw———
2nd dual *wīkwadiz*wīkwaidiz*wīkwadiz——
1st plural *wīkwamaz*wīkwaim—*wīkwandai*wīkwaindau
2nd plural *wīkwid*wīkwaid*wīkwid*wīkwandai*wīkwaindau
3rd plural *wīkwandi*wīkwain*wīkwandau*wīkwandai*wīkwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *waikw*wikwį̄
2nd singular *waiht*wikwīz
3rd singular *waikw*wikwī
1st dual *wikwū*wikwīw
2nd dual *wikwudiz*wikwīdiz
1st plural *wikwum*wikwīm
2nd plural *wikwud*wikwīd
3rd plural *wikwun*wikwīn
present past
participles *wīkwandz*wikwanaz

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms
  • *waikwaz (“weak”)
  • *waikwijaną (“to weaken”)
  • *wikwinōną
    • Old Norse: vikna (“to give way”)
  • *wikwą
    • Old Norse: *vik (“bend, angle”)
      • Icelandic: vik (“small favour”)
      • Faroese: vik (“little bend”)
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: vik (“small deviation”)
      • Swedish: veck (“fold”)
      • Danish: vig
      • → Middle English: wike, wyke

Descendants

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯ei̯g-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 667-68
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wīkwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 586
  3. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “WEIK-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, pages 545-46
  4. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wīkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.