< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trudaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Probably originally a root aorist, present singular *tred-, non-singular *trud-, from a possible Pre-Germanic *dret-, which could theoretically be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *dr-, compare *drem- and *dreh₂-.[1] Akin to Proto-Slavic *dьrtěti (“to degrade, to age”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtru.ðɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The present tense has the zero grade vowel -u- rather than -e-. The past participle might have had either.
Conjugation of *trudaną (strong class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *trudō | *trudaų | — | *trudai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *trudizi | *trudaiz | *trud | *trudazai | *trudaizau |
| 3rd singular | *trudidi | *trudai | *trudadau | *trudadai | *trudaidau |
| 1st dual | *trudōz | *trudaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *trudadiz | *trudaidiz | *trudadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *trudamaz | *trudaim | — | *trudandai | *trudaindau |
| 2nd plural | *trudid | *trudaid | *trudid | *trudandai | *trudaindau |
| 3rd plural | *trudandi | *trudain | *trudandau | *trudandai | *trudaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *trad | *trēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *trast | *trēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *trad | *trēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *trēdū | *trēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *trēdudiz | *trēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *trēdum | *trēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *trēdud | *trēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *trēdun | *trēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *trudandz | *trudanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *fratrudaną
- *trettōną/*truttōną
- *trullōną
Descendants
The West Germanic descendants have regularised the ablaut of this verb by replacing the -u- with -e-. However, the Medieval Latin loanword trot(t)ō suggests that the original vocalism may have been retained in some High German varieties.
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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