< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swinþijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈswin.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *swinþijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *swinþijō | *swinþijaų | — | *swinþijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *swinþīsi | *swinþijais | *swinþī | *swinþijasai | *swinþijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *swinþīþi | *swinþijai | *swinþijaþau | *swinþijaþai | *swinþijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *swinþijōs | *swinþijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *swinþijaþiz | *swinþijaiþiz | *swinþijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *swinþijamaz | *swinþijaim | — | *swinþijanþai | *swinþijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *swinþīþ | *swinþijaiþ | *swinþīþ | *swinþijanþai | *swinþijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *swinþijanþi | *swinþijain | *swinþijanþau | *swinþijanþai | *swinþijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *swinþidǭ | *swinþidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *swinþidēz | *swinþidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *swinþidē | *swinþidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *swinþidēdū | *swinþidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *swinþidēdudiz | *swinþidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *swinþidēdum | *swinþidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *swinþidēdud | *swinþidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *swinþidēdun | *swinþidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *swinþijandz | *swinþidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swinþijan
- Old English: swīþan
- Gothic: *𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*swinþjan)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswinþjan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*swenþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
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