< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spreutaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *sprewd-, but also possibly back-formed from the iterative, from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”), extended form *sprewd-.[1] Related to Lithuanian sprausti (“to thrust”), Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō, “I sow”).[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈspreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spreutaną[2][3]

  1. to sprout
  2. to spring, come out

Inflection
Conjugation of *spreutaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spreutō*spreutaų—*spreutai ?
2nd singular *spriutizi*spreutaiz*spreut*spreutazai*spreutaizau
3rd singular *spriutidi*spreutai*spreutadau*spreutadai*spreutaidau
1st dual *spreutōz*spreutaiw———
2nd dual *spreutadiz*spreutaidiz*spreutadiz——
1st plural *spreutamaz*spreutaim—*spreutandai*spreutaindau
2nd plural *spriutid*spreutaid*spriutid*spreutandai*spreutaindau
3rd plural *spreutandi*spreutain*spreutandau*spreutandai*spreutaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spraut*sprutį̄
2nd singular *spraust*sprutīz
3rd singular *spraut*sprutī
1st dual *sprutū*sprutīw
2nd dual *sprutudiz*sprutīdiz
1st plural *sprutum*sprutīm
2nd plural *sprutud*sprutīd
3rd plural *sprutun*sprutīn
present past
participles *spreutandz*sprutanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *spreutan
    • Old English: *sprēotan, sprūtan
      • Middle English: spruten, sprouten
      • ⇒ Old English: āsprēotan
      • ⇒ Old English: ġeondsprēot
    • Old Frisian: sprūta
      • Saterland Frisian: sprute, spruutje
      • West Frisian: sprûte
    • Old Saxon: *spriotan, *sprūtan
      • Middle Low German: sprêten, sprûten
      • ⇒ Old Saxon: ūtsprūtan
        • Middle Low German: ûtsprûten
          • German Low German: utspruten
    • Old Dutch: *sprūtan
    • Old High German: *spriozan, *sprūzan
      • Middle High German: spriezen, sprūzen
  • Old Norse: *sprúta

References
  1. “sprout”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*spreutan- ~ *sprūtan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 470
  3. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*spreutanan ~ *sprūtanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 366-367
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