< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mainijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *meyno- (“intent, mindset, opinion”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change, exchange, swap, switch, share in common”). Cognate with Old Irish mían (“wish; desire”).
Inflection
Conjugation of *mainijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *mainijō | *mainijaų | — | *mainijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *mainīsi | *mainijais | *mainī | *mainijasai | *mainijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *mainīþi | *mainijai | *mainijaþau | *mainijaþai | *mainijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *mainijōs | *mainijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *mainijaþiz | *mainijaiþiz | *mainijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *mainijamaz | *mainijaim | — | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *mainīþ | *mainijaiþ | *mainīþ | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *mainijanþi | *mainijain | *mainijanþau | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *mainidǭ | *mainidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *mainidēz | *mainidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *mainidē | *mainidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *mainidēdū | *mainidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *mainidēdudiz | *mainidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *mainidēdum | *mainidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *mainidēdud | *mainidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *mainidēdun | *mainidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *mainijandz | *mainidaz | |||
Descendants
Etymology 2
Likely from *mainaz (“damaging, untrue, deceiving”) + *-janą or *mainą (“damage, unjustice”) + *-janą.
Inflection
Conjugation of *mainijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *mainijō | *mainijaų | — | *mainijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *mainīsi | *mainijais | *mainī | *mainijasai | *mainijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *mainīþi | *mainijai | *mainijaþau | *mainijaþai | *mainijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *mainijōs | *mainijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *mainijaþiz | *mainijaiþiz | *mainijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *mainijamaz | *mainijaim | — | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *mainīþ | *mainijaiþ | *mainīþ | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *mainijanþi | *mainijain | *mainijanþau | *mainijanþai | *mainijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *mainidǭ | *mainidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *mainidēz | *mainidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *mainidē | *mainidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *mainidēdū | *mainidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *mainidēdudiz | *mainidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *mainidēdum | *mainidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *mainidēdud | *mainidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *mainidēdun | *mainidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *mainijandz | *mainidaz | |||
Descendants
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *framainijan
- Old Dutch: *farmēnen
- Middle Dutch: vermênen
- Old High German: firmeinen
- Middle High German: vermeinen
- German: vermeinen (“schlecht machen”) (obsolete)
- Middle High German: vermeinen
- Old Dutch: *farmēnen
- Old Norse: meina
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gamainjan)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*mainjanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*mainjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 348
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*mainjanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
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