< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lingwaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *lingwaną (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *lingwō | *lingwaų | — | *lingwai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *lingwizi | *lingwaiz | *lingw | *lingwazai | *lingwaizau |
| 3rd singular | *lingwidi | *lingwai | *lingwadau | *lingwadai | *lingwaidau |
| 1st dual | *lingwōz | *lingwaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *lingwadiz | *lingwaidiz | *lingwadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *lingwamaz | *lingwaim | — | *lingwandai | *lingwaindau |
| 2nd plural | *lingwid | *lingwaid | *lingwid | *lingwandai | *lingwaindau |
| 3rd plural | *lingwandi | *lingwain | *lingwandau | *lingwandai | *lingwaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *langw | *lungį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *lanht | *lungīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *langw | *lungī | |||
| 1st dual | *lungū | *lungīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *lungudiz | *lungīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *lungum | *lungīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *lungud | *lungīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *lungun | *lungīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *lingwandz | *lunganaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *lingwan
- Old Saxon: *lingan
- Middle Low German: lingen
- German Low German: lingen
- Middle Low German: lingen
- Old High German: lingan
- Middle High German: lingen
- German: lingen
- Middle High German: lingen
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *galingwan
- Old Saxon: *lingan
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*lingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 338-339
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*lenʒ(w)anan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 240
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